Report on Activities 2001-2002 - Bureau Of Chemical Safety - Food Directorate - Health Products And Food Branch - Health Canada

Report On Activities - 2001-2002 - July 23, 2003

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Table of Contents

• Message from the Director
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Main Activity Areas
• 3. Accomplishments in Brief
• 4. Future Challenges and Priorities
• 5. The Team
• 6. Visitors and other Activities
• 7. Contacts
• 8. Publications
• 9. Presentations

Mssage from the Director

The last two years have been very busy and active for the Bureau Chemical Safety. The Bureau has had an opportunity to provide advice on many food safety issues to a variety of clients and respond to emerging scientific and regulatory concerns. We have approached our work in an enthusiastic manner-always linked to our strong commitment to fulfill our regulatory responsibilities. This has been a challenge considering that the regulatory environment has become more complex in recent years, and that there is an ever-increasing demand from consumers and stakeholders to be informed about the work we do towards ensuring a safe food supply. We are faced with the challenge of how best to communicate advice to the public in a timely fashion. Some of this has been accomplished through networking and collaboration with other regulatory groups. But, very importantly, posting information on the Health Canada website is becoming increasingly significant. It provides us with a direct means to relay our messages to the consumer. This past year has seen a substantial increase in web-based inquiries to which we have responded.

Activities have been carried out in the major areas of food chemicals and novel foods. The strong Bureau performance is reflected in a substantial number of scientific publications, conference presentations, workshop participation as well as participation in national and international regulatory activities. Some of our work received special recognition at the Food Directorate Awards Ceremony on December 13, 2002. Throughout the last two years, the Bureau welcomed a number of visiting researchers-visiting fellows, postdoctoral students, co-op students-who provided an additional stimulus by participating in a number of our research activities.

This Report on Activities 2001-2002 presents a summary of our research and risk assessment activities in support of regulatory and policy development aimed at ensuring and improving the chemical safety of our food supply.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to our staff for their commitment and enthusiasm in achieving the Bureau's goals. My thanks are also extended to Dr. Karen Dodds, Director General of the Food Directorate, for her support of the Bureau's activities. Special appreciation goes to Barbara Rotter, Man Sen Yong and Frank Lancaster for their time and effort in preparing this report.

Jim Lawrence, Ph.D.
Director

1. Introduction

Health Canada plays a leading role in helping Canadians maintain and enhance their physical and mental well-being. Its activities help people to increase control over and to improve their own health.

Within that overall context, the mandate of the Bureau of Chemical Safety (BCS), as part of the Food Directorate (FD), Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB) at Health Canada (HC), and under the authority of the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations (FDARs), ensures that dietary exposure to toxic chemicals in food is kept within acceptable levels and does not cause harmful effects to the health of Canadians.

BCS has the responsibility for policy, standard setting, risk assessment, research and pre-market evaluation of food chemicals in Canada. The primary objective of the work is to ensure that chemicals are not present in foods at levels that would pose an unacceptable health risk to Canadians and that novel foods are safe. Food chemicals of concern include food additives, food packaging materials, incidental additives, food allergens, food contaminants, natural toxicants and chemicals in novel foods.

The BCS team is composed of highly motivated professional and technical staff working in the areas of chemistry, toxicology, biology, risk assessment methodology and risk management. The team's goal is to effectively respond to regulatory, policy and consumer concerns, and emerging food issues in a timely fashion. The complexities of the current regulatory environment, and the increased demand from the consumer to be informed about risks, present unique challenges to BCS in the areas of risk management and communication.

The task of BCS is accomplished by the application of appropriate risk assessment, risk management and risk communication principles and practice, which is supported by laboratory research activities within BCS and HPFB Food Laboratory operations in four different regions of Canada.

BCS also collaborates horizontally by carrying out monitoring and research activities for food contaminants, agricultural chemicals, veterinary drugs and nutrients in liaison with the Safe Environments Programme, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) of HC, the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of HC, the Veterinary Drugs Directorate (VDD) of HPFB and the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences of FD, respectively.

This activity report describes and summarizes tmain activity areass of the BCS in 2001-2002. More detailed information can be found in the published papers listed in this report. Additional information about Food Program activities is available on the HC website.

2. Main Activity Areas

Assessment and Management of Risk of Chemicals in Food

BCS is composed of three divisions: Chemical Health Hazard Assessment, Food Research and Toxicology Research.

The Chemical Health Hazard Assessment Division (CHHAD) is responsible for establishing regulatory and non-regulatory measures, as required, to ensure the chemical safety of the food supply in Canada. The major activities of CHHAD include the evaluation of submissions on food additives, novel foods, food packaging materials, incidental additives, the food irradiation process, etc., as part of pre-market evaluation programs. CHHAD also conducts health risk assessments and safety evaluations of chemical contaminants, food allergens and natural toxicants in foods. These activities are conducted in collaboration with the Food Research Division (FRD) and the Toxicology Research Division (TRD) of the Bureau, as well as the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and other Departments and Agencies as necessary.

FRD engages in a range of research activities related to the identification, determination, distribution and sources of potentially hazardous chemicals in the food supply. Major activities are the development of methods of analyses for such chemicals, the conduct of targeted surveys to determine the levels and extent of contamination of food, and National Surveys to determine human exposure to these chemicals. These National Surveys include the Total Diet Study, the Human Breast Milk Survey and the Blood Surveys. The FRD program is conducted in close collaboration with CHHAD, TRD, HPFB Regional Food Laboratories and CFIA.

TRD is responsible for the identification and investigation of potential health hazards associated with novel foods, food-borne chemical contaminants, including those of environmental origin, chemicals used for agriculture and natural food toxicants. Research is carried out to characterize the organ- and disease-specific effects of these substances. The focus of the research is on filling gaps in the knowledge of the toxicity of these chemicals, particularly as they relate to the health of Canadians and the safety of the Canadian food supply. The resulting data are provided to CHHAD to assist in its risk assessment activities. The other major activities that TRD scientists are engaged in include the refinement of classical toxicological methods and the application of molecular toxicology, molecular pathology, genomics and proteomics as tools to develop and identify sensitive and early biomarkers of genotoxicity, mutagenicity, cancer, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity and immune dysfunction. These are carried out to facilitate enhanced health risk assessment of food-borne chemicals and novel foods. The Pathology Section of TRD also provides pathology support to scientists in other research divisions of HPFB and HECSB.

Program Cooperation and Harmonization

In cooperation with other federal departments, the territorial governments, five northern Aboriginal organizations and the Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, BCS participates in the Arctic Environmental Strategy and the Northern Contaminants Program to conduct risk-benefit assessments and monitoring studies of contaminants-for example, organochlorines and trace metals in northern traditional or country foods, such as indigenous fish and marine and terrestrial mammals that are not sold commercially and hence are not covered under the FDARs.

In cooperation with PMRA and CFIA, BCS advises all levels of government and the general public concerning the safety of food chemicals in Canada. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, BCS is actively participating in the technical working groups to harmonize various aspects of procedures and standards for the safety evaluation and dietary exposure assessment of food chemicals. Internationally, consultations also occur at the meetings of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD), and the International Life Sciences Institute. In addition, BCS is working in close cooperation with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency on the development and refinement of tools for allergenicity and toxicological assessment of novel foods. BCS also works closely with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) on the validation of analytical methods for food control and laboratory proficiency testing, with the Committee on Food Chemicals Codex to develop specifications for food additives and with OECD on the validation of new toxicological testing guidelines for chemicals.

3. Accomplishments in Brief

The following presents highlights of recent BCS achievements in the areas of novel foods, food additives, food allergens, food irradiation, food packaging and incidental additives, food contaminants, veterinary drugs, emergency preparedness and acrylamide in food.

Novel Foods

CHHAD completed pre-market evaluation of five novel food submissions and participated in the development of guidelines for assessment of novel foods. TRD, in partnership with HPFB western regional laboratory, McGill University, University of Manitoba, Department of Fisheries and Ocean and CFIA, has initiated projects, which were funded by the Genomics Initiative, to assess long-term toxicological and health effects of soy products and transgenic fish in animal models. The identification of molecular biomarkers for genetically modified (GM) foods by genomics and proteomics technologies, including the DNA/oligonucleotide micro-array methods, are being developed by TRD. Scientists from TRD and CHHAD have participated in a number of international conferences and workshops and provided expert advice concerning the development and refinement of tools for the toxicological assessment of GM foods.

Food Additives

The Food Additives and Contaminants Section completed approximately 380 food additive submissions the majority of which were food additive advisory opinions. It handled approximately 1,500 general inquiries on food additives, flavours and processing aids, and approximately 660 requests associated with food contaminants, including health risk assessments on contaminant data packages. Work has continued on the Food Additive Regulatory Review Supplementation Initiative, and a contract was completed regarding new ways that enzymes might be evaluated and be regulated. Major items that highlighted sectional activities included food irradiation, acrylamide, morpholine (in apple coatings), formaldehyde (in shiitake mushrooms), meat carcass treatments and mercury in fish. Staff members have participated in committees dealing with Precautionary (Warning) Labels, Food Irradiation Policy, Hemp Science and Policy, Nutrition and Consumption Surveys, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Food Safety Assessment (Audits). Website information and materials have been prepared on aspartame, 3-MCPD, polyols and food irradiation. Section staff were featured in media interviews on acrylamide, food irradiation and morpholine.

Food Allergens

FRD has developed specific ELISA methods for the presence of hazelnut, almonds and crustaceans, as well as a multi-nut screening assay for peanuts, hazelnut, brazil nuts, almonds and cashew nuts in food products. FRD continued to optimize these methods and to develop standard operating procedures for the preparation of reagents and test implementation by the user. FRD worked closely with CFIA through the establishment of Allergen Method Committee and through the provision of training and assistance to specific CFIA laboratories. FRD entertained a number of scientists from the US FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) and demonstrated newly developed methods for them. CHHAD has initiated a review of labelling issues related to food additives with potential allergenicity and participated in the drafting of a regulatory proposal for enhanced labelling of priority allergens in food products. CHHAD also provided advice to CFIA on potential risks to human health resulting from the presence of allergens in food. TRD scientists organized and hosted an international Workshop on Animal Models of Allergenicity in November 2001 to examine the feasibility of developing animal models for detection and testing of food allergens. The proceedings from the Workshop are in press in the peer-reviewed journal, Environmental Health Perspectives.

Food Irradiation

The Food Irradiation Policy Team (FIPT) led by CHHAD has undertaken policy activities in connection with the completion of four major irradiation submissions which led to the pre-publication of regulatory proposals in a Schedule of Amendments. Mangoes, poultry, ground beef and shrimp would be added to the list of foods that are permitted for irradiation in the Table to Section B.26.005 of the FDARs. Pre-publication of this Schedule in the Canada Gazette Part I was followed by public information and consultation sessions, planned by FIPT, in major Canadian cities. CHHAD continued to provide advice to CFIA, other agencies and the public on issues related to the safety of irradiated food.

Food Packaging and Incidental Additives

CHHAD has completed the pre-market review of 4,418 food packaging material submissions (including 28 with toxicity components) and 1,990 incidental additive submissions (including one with toxicity components). With more and more emphasis being placed on solid waste reduction, the Division has seen an increasing number of submissions on food packaging materials that are produced from post-consumer recycled plastics. As a result, several new plastic recycling processes have been evaluated by CHHAD and letters of opinion (i.e. no objection) have been issued for their use in producing materials that comply with the general safety requirements of Section B23.001 of the FDARs.

Discussions have been held with FDA/CFSAN in the United States and with the European Commission to develop a framework for a mutual recognition of technical reviews for food packaging and other food contact materials. An executive summary of this initiative has already been drafted by FDA. CHHAD evaluators will be participating in the development and implementation of the proposed framework which is scheduled to be finalized by 2006.

A document has been drafted describing the information requirements for making submissions regarding food packaging materials submissions. CHHAD hopes to have this document posted on the HC website in the future to assist food packaging material suppliers in making proper submissions (i.e. ones that contain all the necessary information and data) to the Branch.

Food Contaminants

Dioxins, Furans and Planar Polychlorinated Biphenyls

FRD has expanded the method for dioxins, furans and planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (D/F/P) to include all PCBs in the measurement. The method was validated through participation in the Norway 2001 inter-laboratory study involving three food matrices (i.e. cod liver, beef, human milk). FRD's results were mostly within one standard deviation of the mean of those reported by the 50 laboratories participating in the study.

Surveys of D/F/P in total diet composites from Whitehorse (1998), 16 human blood and biological samples were completed. D/F/P exposure from total diet samples showed a human daily intake value similar to that found in the last five years, about 45 pg Toxic Equivalents, which was lower than that observed 10 years previously.

Results generated from the D/F/P surveys have supported CHHAD's ongoing temporal trend analysis of exposure assessment of these contaminants in Canadian foods. This work is part of a larger review of the HC approach to risk assessment of D/F/P. Scientists from FRD, TRD and CHHAD have participated in a number of international conferences, workshops and study groups on D/F/P, and have contributed significantly to methodology development, monitoring and surveillance, and risk assessment of D/F/P.

Surveys of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) flame retardants in approximately 70 total diet composites from Whitehorse were also completed by FRD. Results from this survey indicated the presence in many foods of BDEs that permit calculation of an intake of about 45 ng/person/day. This study is among the first in the world to report on the presence of BDEs in common foods and provides an estimation of human intake.

A planning and coordination meeting was held between FRD and the Regional Food Laboratories to discuss national monitoring needs, including the Total Diet Program, Child Health and the Fish Survey. Individual laboratories were identified to conduct the analyses. A total diet survey (sample pick up and processing only) was completed in St. John's, Newfoundland, and organized for Vancouver. CHHAD has recently conducted a number of health hazard assessments involving D/F/P. The Division is also leading science and policy teams that are reviewing the hazard characterization of these substances and re-examining strategies to minimize risks to human health.

Chlordane and Toxaphene

TRD has completed the animal component of new tissue distribution studies of oxychlordane, trans-nonachor and trans-chlordane in rats. Tissue extracts were prepared and analysed in TRD for oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor and trans-chlordane. Samples of these extracts were delivered to Environment Canada collaborators for oxychlordane and trans-chlordane enantiomer analyses, which were completed in 2002.

TRD has completed histopathological evaluation of tissue samples of all monkeys from the toxaphene studies. Work has begun on immunohistological and other molecular marker evaluation of tissue samples. Gene analysis and protein expression of cytochrome P450 and cell cycle genes in liver and kidney of female monkeys showed no significant changes by toxaphene. TRD continued to conduct toxaphene body burden analyses in all monkeys. Work was also initiated to use DNA mircro-array methods for simultaneous monitoring of multiple gene expression changes in monkey tissues.

In collaboration with HECSB, TRD has conducted a study to examine the developmental, neurobehavioral and toxicological effects of exposure to a mixture of environmentally relevant persistent organic pollutants in rats. This study was funded by the Toxic Substances Research Initiative (TSRI). Collection and processing of tissue samples from rat pups at several post-natal developmental stages have been completed. Histopathological and molecular evaluation of tissue samples for markers of neuronal injury and neurodevelopment for correlation with the expected neurodevelopmental stage of the pups were initiated.

Trace Toxic Elements

CHHAD has contributed to the preparation of a HC advisory on mercury levels in fish. An information sheet on mercury in fish was also developed for the FD website. CHHAD continued to provide advice to CFIA, other agencies and the public on matters related to the health risk of mercury and other toxic elements (e.g. arsenic, lead, cadmium) in food products.

Method development was initiated by FRD for total mercury and methylmercury to be applied in a survey of fish products sold at retail in Canada. Objectives of the survey were to assess levels of mercury and methylmercury, other trace elements, D/F/P, pesticides and veterinary drugs in fish (e.g. wild versus farmed, marine versus fresh water, imports versus domestic). Fish samples were picked up and processed under contract in readiness for analysis.

To examine whether diets can influence the toxicity of mercury, the TRD has completed an NCP-funded, 14-day toxicity study with different doses of methymercury in male rats maintained on different diets for 28 days prior to methylmercury dosing. Processing and analyses of the collected tissue samples are ongoing.

TRD conducted a TSRI-funded collaborative study to examine the effects of tributyltin on steroidogenic enzymes of the reproductive tracts of rat pups born to dams exposed to this contaminant. Tissue distribution determination of residual tin, and immunotoxicological and histopathological evaluation of rat tissues are ongoing. In addition, the market basket study of organotin intake in human food is also underway.

Mycotoxins

CHHAD carried out a number of health risk assessments on monitoring data received from the Health Canada Regional Food Laboratories, and provided advice to CFIA and other regulatory agencies regarding the presence of mycotoxins in food products. In collaboration with Bureau of Biostatics and Computer application, CHHAD has initiated conventional exposure assessment and probabilistic exposure assessment of mycotoxins on surveillance data generated in the regions of Ontario, Nunavut, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan. CHHAD scientists also participated in JECFA and CFAC meetings for the review and standards-setting activities related to mycotoxins.

FRD optimized and developed better methods for the measurement of mycotoxins in the food supply (i.e. Alternaria mycotoxins in fruit juices and wines, fumonisin in rice flour and cornflakes). Protein-bound fumonisin, which was not measured by conventional analytical procedures, was observed in cornflakes (in addition to other fumonisins); it was extracted with a detergent solution. If bioavailable to humans, this "hidden" fumonisin could be of health significance. Studies are being conducted by FRD to assess the presence of this bound form in other food commodities (e.g. tortilla chips).

TRD initiated an animal study and completed mutagenicity testing of mycotoxins produced from Alternaria in Ames strains TA 102 and TA 104, and rat hepatoma H411E cell lines. Results suggested the involvement of oxidation and nitrosylation metabolic pathways in the activation of mutagenic activity of Alternaria mycotoxins, but few toxic effects at the doses used in the animal study.

Seafood Toxins and Biotoxins in Foods from Aquatic Environments

FRD completed the publication of the HPLC method for paralytic shellfish poisoning, which has been collaboratively studied by 23 participating laboratories from 16 countries during the year. Results from the collaborators have been evaluated and submitted to AOAC International for approval as an Official First Action Method.

In collaboration with the Quebec Ministry of Environment, the Ontario Ministry of Environment and the University of Quebec at Montreal, FRD conducted the determination of microcystins (i.e. toxins produced by blue-green algae) in fish and water samples from Quebec and Ontario lakes.

CHHAD provided advice on health risk of microcystins in blue-green algal products to consumers, industry and government institutions. Appropriate compliance action on these products has been discussed with CFIA.

TRD in collaboration with CFIA and NRC, completed a rat study to determine the toxicity of spirolides, a new class of seafood toxins. Histopathological and neurotoxicological evaluation of tissues is in progress. In vitro studies to determine the neurotransmitter related mechanisms of action of these toxins are also in progress.

Veterinary Drugs

FRD developed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the analysis of carbadox and its metabolites, including desoxycarbadox, to 0.01 ppb in pork liver and kidney. FRD was the first laboratory in the world to find residues of desoxycarbadox in pork liver. The detection of these compounds in pork livers and pork meat samples from the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, and BBQ pork kidney samples from the Alberta Ministry of Agriculture, supported VDD's regulatory action on carbadox.

Emergency Preparedness

All Bureau Divisions collaborated in the preparation of a joint Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) with CFIA to address laboratory procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency incident (terrorist or otherwise), involving both capacity and capability components. The Divisions collaborated in the preparation of an internal SOP to address procedures to be followed in the event of a request for assistance from CFIA in an emergency situation. They also participated with CFIA in a number simulated emergency response scenarios.

Scientists in CHHAD, FRD and TRD also engaged in the preparation and submission of proposals to the CBRN Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) on methods development related to food emergency response.

Acrylamide in Food

Bureau scientists have conducted preliminary analytical studies to estimate the presence of acrylamide in foods. The analytical method to determine acrylamide has now been validated. They also discovered the major route for the formation of acrylamide in baked or fried carbohydrate-rich foods. The Bureau was the first in the world to report this finding and the information was posted on the WHO website. Such information has provided a key as to how the presence of acrylamide in foods can be minimized. HC has shared its research findings on the formation of acrylamide with the Canadian public, the Canadian food industry and our international partners.

The Toxicology Evaluation Section of CHHAD has reviewed the available information on the toxicity of acrylamide. Based on animal studies, acrylamide has been categorized as a probable human carcinogen, but it is not known if acrylamide levels found in food pose a human health risk. Additional research needs have been identified and international initiatives are being monitored so unnecessary duplication is avoided. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization hosted an international meeting of experts on the public health impact of acrylamide in foods in late June 2002. A number of recommendations were made, including the establishment of an international network that would share data and coordinate research efforts. The Bureau actively participates in the data-sharing process.

4. Future Challenges and Priorities

BCS made a significant contribution providing advice on food safety issues to a variety of clients and responding to emerging scientific and regulatory challenges. A number of external factors, such as globalization, consumer preferences, public concern about food safety and the environment, have altered the context in which research and regulatory activities are conducted.

The Bureau planning process needs to be more anticipatory and strategic in its use of increasingly limited resources. The Bureau will remain active in the area of research along the food continuum, including surveillance and food monitoring, emergency response, and the identification of risks for vulnerable groups and from foods derived from new technologies.

Specific Challenges and Priorities-Highlights

• Strengthen and streamline existing pre-market evaluation programs for greater efficiency and to ensure that emphasis and resources are correctly placed on issues of highest priority from a human health perspective.
• Keep abreast of latest developments in the area of quantitative risk assessment to ensure that assessments conducted by BCS are up-to-date and of the highest quality.
• Continue to enhance international communication and harmonization activities in food chemical safety from both a North American perspective as well as a broader global scale.
• Continue close collaboration in the area of food allergens with CFIA and pursue collaboration with US FDA, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission and the UK Department of Agriculture and Rural Development.
• Initiate development of confirmatory methodology for allergen identification based on protein and peptide identification using LC-MS-MS, and extend protein studies into the identification and analysis of "foreign" protein produced in GM foods.
• Participate in cooperative studies with US FDA, US National Food Producers Association and AOAC International for the evaluation of commercial peanut test kits.
• Continue the establishment and coordination of programs to develop a battery of rapid screening tests for known (and unknown) priority chemical contaminants in foods, feeds and water.
• Continue participation in, and contributions to, the Chemical Cluster of the CRTI on behalf of BCS laboratory component.
• Complete development of methodology for both total mercury and methyl mercury, complete survey of appropriate "fish" homogenates, and undertake a survey of same homogenates for pesticides (Ottawa), and for veterinary drugs and D/F/P (Western Region).
• Continue to coordinate program to complete Total Diet samples from Ottawa, St. John's, and Vancouver for trace elements, D/F/P, veterinary drugs and pesticides.
• Continue studies to further refine analytical methodology and apply to variety of foods to estimate dietary exposure of Canadians to acrylamide, giving emphasis to foods consumed by infants and children.
• Continue research on ways to reduce levels of acrylamide in foods by investigating (in collaboration with appropriate partners) mechanisms of acrylamide formation, inhibition and effects of process changes on acrylamide levels.
• Initiate toxicological research on acrylamide to address health-related effects, such as neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity.
• Complete, in the area of novel foods, multi-generation and cancer studies, validate animal models and in vitro methods, and continue biomarker development using DNA arrays and proteomics to address issues related to the development and refinement of tools for whole food testing and toxicological assessment of GM foods.
• Continue data gathering, methods and biomarker development, and validation in the areas of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, reproductive and developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity to enhance health risk assessment of food-related chemicals.
• Collaborate with a variety of internal and external partners on various research projects and regulatory issues.
• Develop and update various food chemical related standards as appropriate to ensure the continued safety of the Canadian food supply.

5. The Team

Director's Office

Chemical Health Hazard Assessment Division

Food Research Division

Toxicological Research Division

6. Visitors and other Activities

The Bureau has hosted two visiting scientists, four postdoctoral fellows, one graduate student and three co-op students who have contributed their ideas to existing and new research projects. Several staff members hold an adjunct professorship status at various universities. In addition, Bureau members have actively participated in several workshops held nationally and internationally, and given scientific and regulatory advice. They also organized the Workshop on Animal Models to Detect Allergenicity to Foods and Genetically Modified Products (November 2001), and the Federal Food Safety and Nutrition Meeting (October 2002). In addition, they were requested to be an Expert Advisor to the Ontario Medical Association, Committee on Drugs and Pharmacotherapy.

7. Contacts

Director, Bureau of Chemical Safety

Jim Lawrence, Ph.D.
Tel:(613) 957-0973
Fax: (613) 954-4674
e-mail: jim_lawrence@hc-sc.gc.ca

Associate Director

Barbara Rotter, Ph.D.
Tel:(613) 946-2655
Fax: (613) 990-1543
e-mail: barbara_rotter@hc-sc.gc.ca

Chemical Health Hazard Assessment Division

John Salminen
Tel:(613) 957-1700
Fax: (613) 990-1543
e-mail: john_salminen@hc-sc.gc.ca

Food Research Division

Harry Conacher, Ph.D.
Tel:(613) 957-0944
Fax: (613) 941-4775
e-mail: harry_conacher@hc-sc.gc.ca

Toxicology Research Division

Rekha Mehta, Ph.D.
Tel:(613) 957-0938
Fax: (613) 941-6959
e-mail: rekha_mehta@hc-sc.gc.ca

Website

Toxicology Research Division

8. Publications

Adeeko, A.; Li, D.; Doucet, J.; Cooke, G.M .; Trasler, J.M .; Hales, B.F.; Robaire, B. Gestational exposure to persistent organic pollutants: maternal liver residues, pregnancy outcome, and effects on hepatic gene expression profiles in the dam and fetus. Toxicol. Sci. (in press).

Arnold, D.L.; Bryce, F.; Baccanale, C.; Hayward, S.; Tanner, J.R.; MacLellan, E.; Dearden, T.; Fernie, S. Toxicological consequences of toxaphene ingestion by cynomolgus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Part 1: pre-mating phase. Food Chem . Toxicol. 2001. 39, 467-476.

Arnold, D.L.; Feeley, M. Polychlorinated biphenyls. InFood Safety II, D'Mello, F., Ed.; CAB International Publisher, England (in press).

Becalski, A.; Lau, B .P-Y.; Lewis, D .; Seaman, S. Acrylamide in foods: occurrence, sources and modelling. J Agric. Food Chem . (in press).

Ben Rejeb, S.; Cléroux, C.; Lawrence, J.F.; Geay, P.-Y.; Wu, S.; Stavinsky, S. Development and characterization of immunoafinity columns for the selective extraction of a new developmental pesticide: thifluzamide from peanuts. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2001. 432, 193-200.

Ben Rejeb, S.; Cléroux, C.; Abbott, M.; Davies, D.; Querry, J.; Le Goffic, F. Development and optimization of immunochemical-based methods for the detection of hazelnut proteins in food products. Outils Biologiques dans les procédés et techniques d'analyse 2001. 123, 371-3 78.

Ben Rejeb, S.; Tatoulian, M.; Arefi, F.; Lawrence, J.F. Plasma functionalised PVD F membranes used as immunoaffinity supports. J. Photopolymer Sci. Technol. (in press).

Bondy, G.; Barker, M .; Cooke, G.; Curran, I.; Doucet, J.; G ill, S.; Lok, E .; Mehta, R.; Pulido, O.; Robertson, P.; Rowsell, P.; Norstrom, R.; Moisey, J. Time-related changes in trans-nonachlor, trans-chlordane and oxychlordane levels in rat tissues. In Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2000-2001 Northern Contaminants Program; Kalhok, S., Ed.; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa, 2001. pp. 3-6.

Bondy, G.S.; Newsome, W.H.; Suzuki, C.A.M.; Armstrong, C.L.; Mehta, R.; Curran, I.H.A.; Doucet, J.; Fernie, S.M .; Hierlihy, S.L.; Lok, E.; Feeley, M .; Barker, M .G. Toxicity of chlordane-related food contaminants in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol. 2001. 60, 409 (abstract #1949).

Bondy, G.; Barker, M .; Cooke, G.; Curran, I.; Doucet, J.; G ill, S.; Lok, E .; Mehta, R.; Pulido, O; Robertson, P.; Rowsell, P.; Norstrom, R; Moisey, J. A comparison of time-related changes in trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and trans-chlordane residue levels in rat tissues and the relationship between tissue residue levels, functional changes and gender. In Synopsis of Research Conducted under the 2001-2002 Northern Contaminants Program, Kalhok, S., Ed.; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa, 2002.

Bowers, W.J.; Nakai, J.S.; Chu, I.; Moir, D.; Wade, M.; Yagminas, A.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S.; Pulido, O. Developmental neurotoxicity following perinatal exposure to a contaminant mixture found in Canadian Arctic populations. In Proceedings of the Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, June 2002.

Braekevelt, E.; Tittlemier, S.A.; Tomy, G.T. Direct measurement of octanol-water partition coefficients of some environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners. Chemosphere (in press).

Bryce, F.; Iverson, F.; Andrews, P.; Barker, M .; Cherry, W.; Mueller, R.; Pulido, O.; Hayward, S.; Fernie, S.; Arnold, D.L. Effects elicited by toxaphene in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis): a pilot study. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001. 39, 1243-1251.

Canady, R.A.; Coker, R.D.; Egan, S.K.; Krska, R.; Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Olsen, M.; Pestka, J.; Resnik,S; Schlatter, J. Joint FAO/WH O Expert Committee on Food Additives, 56^th Meeting, Geneva, February 6-15, 2001, Monograph on Deoxynivalenol. In Safety Evaluation of Certain Mycotoxins in Food, WHO Food Additive Series 47 and FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74, International Program on Chemical Safety, W HO /FAO , Geneva, 2001 . pp. 419- 556 .

Canady, R.A.; Crump, K.; Feeley, M .; Freijer, J.; Kogevinas, M.; Malisch, R.; T ryphonas, H.; Verger, P.; Wilson, J.; Zeilmaker, M . Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Risk Assessment for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in food. Organohalogen Comp. 2001. 51, 269-274

Chu, I.; Lecavalier, P.; Hakansson, H.; Yagminas, A.; Valli, V.E.; Poon, P.; Feeley, M. Mixture effects of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in rats. Chemosphere 2001. 43, 807-814.

Cooke, G.M. Effect of organotins on human aromatase activity in vitro.Toxicol. Lett. 2001. 126, 121-130.

Cooke, G.M .; Newsome, W .H.; Bondy, G.S.; Arnold, D.L.; Tanner, R.; Robertson, P.; Whalen, C .M.; Angers, G.; Massé, A. The mammalian testis accumulates lower levels of organochlorine chemicals compared with other tissues. Reproductive Toxicol. 2001. 15, 333-338.

Covaci, A.; de Boer, J.; Ryan, J.J.; Voorspoels, S.; Schepens, P. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in Belgian human adipose tissue by narrow bore capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Organohalogen Comp. 2001. 50, 175-179.

Covaci, A.; de Boer, J.; Ryan, J.J.; Voorspoels, S.; Schepens, P. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in human adipose tissue by large volume injection-narrow-bore capillary gas chromatography/electron impact low resolution mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2002. 74, 790-798.

Covaci, A.; Ryan, J.J.; Schepens, P. Patterns of PCBs and PCDD /PCDFs in chicken and pork fat following a Belgian food contamination incident. Chemosphere 2002. 47, 207-217.

Covaci, A; De Boer, J.; Ryan, J.J.; Voorspoels, S; Schepens, P. Distribution of organobrominated and organchlorinated contaminants in Belgian human adipose tissue. Eviron. Res., Section A 2002. 88, 210-218.

Curran, I.H.A.; Gurofsky, S.; Green, J.; McVey, M.; Lok, E.; Mehta, R. Alterations in liver gene expression during carcinogenesis by ciprofibrate (CPF) or azaserine (AZA) in rats fed a choline-methionine deficient (CD) diet. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2002. 43, 858 (abstract #4252).

Dabeka, R.W.; Conacher, H.B.S.; Lawrence, J.F.; Newsome, W.H.; McKenzie, A.D.; Wagner, H.P.; Chadha, R.K.H.; Pepper, K. Survey of bottled drinking waters sold in Canada for chlorate, bromide, bromate, lead, cadmium and other trace elements. Food Addit. Contam. (in press).

Dabeka, R.W .; Bradley, P.; McKenzie, A.D. Routine high-sensitivity cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric determination of total mercury in foods after a low-tem perature digestion. J. AOAC Int. (in press).

Dabeka, R.W .; McKenzie, A.D.; Pepper K. Lead contamination of raisins. Food Addit. Contam. 2001. 19, 47-54.

Eastwood, J.A.; Vavasour, E.J. Diacetyl tartaric esters of fatty acids. In Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Food Additives Series: 48. International Program on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva. 2002. pp. 3-15.

Eastwood, J.A.; Vavasour, E.J.; Baines, J. Quillaia extracts. In Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Food Additives Series: 48. International Program on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva. 2002. pp. 17-30.

Fisk, A.T.; Tittlemier, S.A.; Pranschke, J.L.; Norstrom, R.J. Using anthropogenic contaminants and stable isotopes to assess the feeding ecology of a large marine fish, Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Ecology 2002. 83, 2162-2173.

Forsyth, D.S.; Taylor, J. Detection of organotin, organomercury, and organolead compounds with a pulsed discharge detector (PDD ). Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem . 2002. 374, 344-347.

Forsyth, D.S.; Taylor, J. An evaluation of the pulsed discharge detector (PDD) for the determination of organotin, organomercury and organolead compounds. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. (in press).

Gill, S.S.; Pulido, O. Glutamate receptors in peripheral tissues. Current knowledge, future research and implications for toxicology. Toxicol. Pathol. 2001. 29, 208-223.

Gill, S.S.; Pulido, O.; Mueller, R.; McGuire, P. Potential target sites in peripheral tissues for excitatory neurotransmission and excitotoxicity. Toxicol. Pathol. 2001. 28, 277-284.

Gill, S., Murphy, M .; Clausen, J.; Richard, D.; Quilliam, M.; MacKinnon, S.; LeBlanc, P.; Pulido, O. Neural injury biomarkers of novel shellfish toxins, spirolides. A pilot study using immunochemical and transcriptional analysis. J. Neurotoxicol. (in press).

Jin, X.; Kennedy S.W.; Muccio T.D.; Moon, T.W. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in 3,3',4,4',5- pentachlorobiphenyl-induced toxicity and species-differential sensitivity in chicken and duck embryos. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001. 172, 241-248.

Jin, X.; Lok E.; Chan L.C.; Mehta, R. Effects of dietary fats and proteins on methylmercury-mediated oxidative DNA damage in rats. In Proceedings of the Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences, 45th Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2002, Montreal, Quebec, 2002. p. 54 (abstract #T00 4).

Jordan, S.A. Food additive safety. In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, Roginski, H., Fuquay, J.W ., Fox, P .F., Eds.; London, Academic Press (in press).

Jordan, S.A. Food additives (b): safety. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Caballero, B., Trugo, L., Finglas, P., Eds.; London, Academic Press (in press)

Kim, E.-K.; Scott, P.M.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Lewis, D.A. Extraction of fumonisins B1 and B 2 from white rice flour and their stability in white rice flour, corn starch, corn meal and glucose. J. Agric. Food Chem . 2002. 50, 3614-3620.

Kim E.-K.; Scott P.M.; Lau BP-Y. Hidden fumonisin in corn flakes. Food Addit. Contam. (in press).

Klassen, R.D.; Lewis, D.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Sen, N.P. Heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked hamburgers and chicken obtained from local fast food outlets in the Ottawa region. Food Res. Int. 2002. 35, 837-847.

Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Lawrence, J.F.; Morrisey, M. Risk assessment of microcystins in blue-green algal health food products. In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium. Proceedings of the Xth International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, Guaruja, Brazil, May 2000, de Koe, W .J., Samson, R.A., van Egmond , H.P., Gilbert, J., Sabino, M ., Eds.; IUPAC and AOAC, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2001, pp. 549-566.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Approaches to the risk assessment of fumonisins in Canadian corn-based foods. Food Addit. Contamin., 2001, 18, 187.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Recent developments in the risk assessment of natural toxicants in foods. In Biosafety and Health, Book of Abstracts; Association of Official Analytical Chemists, China Section, August 6-10, 2001, Beijing, China, 2001, pp.-11-12 and 59-60.

Lawrence, J.F.; Menard, C. Determination of microcystins in blue-green algae, fish and water using liquid chromatography with UV detection after sample clean-up employing immuno affinity chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 2001. 922, 111-117.

Lawrence, J.F.; Niedzwiadek, B. Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. AOAC Int. 2001. 84, 1099-1108.

Lawrence, J.F.; Niedzwiadek, B.; Menard, C.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Carbone, S.; Holmes, C. Comparison of HPLC-mass spectrometry, ELISA and phosphatase assay for the determination of microcystins in blue-green algae products. J. AOAC Int. 2001. 84, 1035-1044.

Leao-Martins, J.M.; Gago-M artinez, A.; Danek-Zlotorzynska, E.; Aranda-Rodriguez, R.; Lawrence, J.F. Preliminary results on the application of capillary electrochromatography to the analysis of domoic acid. J. Sep. Sci. 2002. 25, 342.

Lok, E.; Arnold, D.L.; Bryce, F.; Mehta, R. Expression of glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GSTP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and nuclei counts in livers from female rhesus (Macaca mulata) monkeys ingesting aroclor 1254. In PCBs, Recent Advances in Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects, Robertson, L.W., Hansen, L.G., Eds.; University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 2001. pp. 411-415.

Lombaert, G.A.; Pellaers, P.; Chettiar, P.; Lavalee, D.; Scott, P.M.; Lau, B .P.-Lau. A survey of Canadian retail coffees for ochratoxin A. Food Addit. Contam. 2001. 19, 869-877.

Marshall, P.; Chartrand, N.; DeRepetigny, Y.; Kothary, R.; Pelletier, L.; Mueller, R.; Worton, R.G . Mouse dystrophin enhancer preferentially target lacZ expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Dev. Dyn. 2002. 224: 30-38.

Mehta, R.; Lok, E.; Gurofsky, S.; Laver, G.M.; Curran, I.H.A. Azaserine (AZA) enhances hepatic expression of glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GSTP ) in rats fed a choline-methionine deficient (CD ) diet. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2001. 42, 355 (abstract #1912).

Mehta, R.; Schrader, T.J. Carcinogenic substances in food: mechanisms. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. Academic Press, London (in press).

Mueller, R.; Barker, M .; Bondy, G.; Pulido, O. Liver histopathology of rats treated with Fumonisin B 1. Case report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2001, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C, www.afip.org

Mueller, R.; Gill, S.; Pulido, O. The monkey (Macaca fascicularis) heart neural structures and conducting system. An immunochemical study of selected neural biomarkers and glutamate receptors. Toxicol. Pathol. (in press).

Mussivand, T.; Harasaki, H .; Litwak, K .; Slaughter, M.; Gray, L.; Dowling, R.; Mueller, R.; Hendry, P.; Masters, R.; BeckdaSilva, L.; Davies, R.; H addad, H .; Mesana, T .; Keon, W . In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of a totally implantable VAD (Heartsaver VAD) 434 ASAIO Cardiopulmonary Abstracts ASAIO Annual Symposium October 2002.

Nawrot, P.; Jordan, S.; Eastwood, J.; Rotstein, J.; Hugenholtz, A.; Feeley, M. The effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit. Contam. (in press)

Needham, L.Ll.; Ryan, J.J.; Fürst, P. Guidelines for analysis of human milk for environmental chemicals. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A 2002. 65: 1893-1908.

Price, C.A.; Cooke, G.M.; Sanford, L.M. Influence of season and low-level oestradiol immunoneutralization on episodic LH and testosterone secretion and testicular steroidogenic enzymes and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the adult ram. J. Repro. Fert. 2000. 118, 251-262

Pulido, O.; Richard, D.; Quilliam, M.; Clausen, J.; Murphy, M.; Smyth, P.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S. Toxicology neuropathology from domoic acid to spirolides- the Health Canada experience. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2001. 2386, 36-44.

Pulido, O.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S. Acute excitatory injury of the hippocampus induced by domoic and kainic acid. Case report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2001, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., www.afip.org

Pulido, O.; Richard, D.; Clausen, J.; Murphy, M.; Smyth, P.; Mueller, R.; MacKinnon, S.; Quilliam, M.; Gill, S. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and transcriptional analysis of biomarkers of neural injury from spirolides, novel shellfish toxins. Neurotoxicol. (in press)

Pulido, O. Ochratoxin hepatotoxicity. Moderators report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2002, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. www.afip.org

Pulido, O. Fumonisin B1 renal toxicity. Moderators report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2001, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. www.afip.org

Pulido, O. Retinal degeneration in rats and dogs associated to the oral administration of ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator. Moderators report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2002, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. www.afip.org

Pulido, O. Myopathy related to the administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Moderators report. In Registry of Toxicologic Pathology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2002, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. www.afip.org

Rawn, D.F.K.; Lockhart, W.L.; Wilkinson, P.; Savoie, D.A.; Rosenberg, G.B.; Muir, D.C.G. Historical contamination of Yukon lake sediments by PCBs and organochlorine pesticides: influence of local sources and watershed characteristics. Sci. Tox. Environ. 2001. 280, 17-37.

Rotstein, J.; Gilani, S. Public health implications of dietary phytoestrogens. In Phytoestrogens and Health, Gilani, S., Anderso n, J., Eds.; American Oil Chemists Society Press , Champaign. IL,U SA, 2002 , pp. 604-635.

Ryan, J.J.; Patry, B. Body burdens and food exposure in Canada for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs). Organohalogen Comp. 2001. 51, 226-229.

Ryan, J.J.; Amirova, Z. Gender of children of Russian chemical producers exposed to dioxins. Organohalogen Comp. 2001. 53, 37-40.

Ryan, J.J.; Guo , Y.-L.; Masuda, Y. Long term human elimination and half lives of PCDFs in Yu-Cheng individuals. Organo halogen Comp. 2001. 54, 304-307.

Ryan, J.J.; Amirova, Z.; Carrier, G. Sex ratios of children of Russian pesticide workers exposed to dioxin. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002. 110, A699-A701.

Sarwar, G .; L'Abbe, M .R.; Brooks, S.P.J.; Lok, E.; Cooke, G.M.; Pulido O.; Thibert, P. Dietary phytoestrogens: safety, nutritional quality and health considerations. In Quality Management of Nutraceuticals, Ho, C.-T., Zheng, Q.Y., Americal Chemical Society, Clarendon Hils, Il, Chapter 17; 2002, pp. 241-251

Schecter, A.; Piskac, A.L.; Grosheva, E.I.; Matorova, N.I.; Ryan, J.J; Fürst, P .; Päpke, O.; Adibi, J.; Pavuk, M .; Silver, A.; Ghaffar, S. Levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in breast milk of women residing in two cities in the Irkutsk region of Russian Siberia compared with American levels. Chemosphere 2002. 47, 157-164.

Schrader, T.J.; Cherry, W.; Soper, K.; Langlois, I.; Vijay, H .M. Examination of Alternaria alternata mutagenicity and effects of nitrosylation using the Ames Salmonella test. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutag. 2001. 21, 261-274.

Schrader, T.J.; Cooke, G.M. Examination of selected food additives and organochlorine food contaminants for androgenic activity in vitro. Toxicol. Sci. 2000. 53, 278-288.

Schrader, T.J.; Cooke, G.M. Interaction between tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol and the human androgen receptor in vitro. Toxicol. Lett. 2002. 136, 19-24.

Schrader, T.J.; Langlois, I.; Soper, K,; Cherry, W. Mutagenicity of bisphenol A: in vitro effects of nitrosylation. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutag. 2002. 22, 425-441

Schrader, T.J.; Langlois I. Comparison of glutamic and domoic acid excitotoxic responses in vitro.Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2001. 2386, 125-136.

Schrader, T.J. Mutagens. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Press, London (in press).

Schrader, T.J. Carcinogenicity tests. In Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Press, London (in press).

Scott, P.M. Analytical methods for mycotoxins. In Food Safety, 10 & 11 November, 2000 Proceedings Book, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Eds.; Porto, Portugal, 2001. pp. 65-73 .

Scott, P.M. Analysis of agricultural commodities and foods for Alternaria mycotoxins. J. AOAC Int. 2001. 84, 1809-1817.

Scott, P.M .; Kanhere, S.R. Stability of Alternaria toxins in fruit juices and wines. Mycotoxin Res. 2001. 17, 9-14.

Scott, P.M. Methods of analysis for ochratoxin A. In Mycotoxins and Food Safety, Jackson, L.S., Trucksess, M.W., DeVries, J.W., Eds.; Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2002, 117-134.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Halldorson, T.; Stern, G.A.; Tomy, G.T. Vapor pressures, aqueous solubilities, and Henry's Law constants of some brominated flame retardants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002. 21, 1804-1810.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Borrell, A.; Duffe, J.; Duignan, P.J.; Hall, A.; Hoekstra, P.; Kovacs, K.M.; Krahn, M .M.; Lebeuf, M.; Lydersen, C.; McFee, W.; Muir, D.; O'Hara, T.; Olsson, M.; Pranschke, J.; Ross, P.; Siebert, U .; Stern, G .; Tanabe, S.; Norstrom, R. G lobal distribution of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles in marine mammal blubber. Arch. Environ. Con tam. Toxicol. 2002. 43, 244-25 5.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Blank, D.H .; Gribble, G.W.; Norstrom, R.J. Structure elucidation of four possible biogenic organohalogens using isotope exchange mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2002. 46, 511-517.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Fisk, A.T.; Hobson, A.F.; Norstrom, R.J. Examination of the bioaccumulation of halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles in an Arctic marine food web using stable nitrogen isotope analysis. Environ. Pollut. 2002. 116, 85-93.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Norstrom, R.J. Halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles-naturally-produced, persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic compounds? Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, May 27-30, Ray Clement, Bob Burk, 2002, pp. 65-70.

Tryphonas, H.; Feeley, M. Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced immunomodulation and human health effects. In PCBs, Recent Advances in Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects, Robertson, L.W ., Hansen, L.G ., Eds.; University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 2001. pp. 193-210.

Tryphonas, H.; Arnold, D.L.; Bryce, F.; H uang, J.; Hodgen, M.; Ladouceur, D.T .; Fernie, S.; Lepage-Parenteau, M .; Hayward, S. Effects of toxaphene on the immune system of cynomolgus (Ma caca fascicularis) monkeys. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001. 39, 947-958.

Wang, G.S.; Steller, M.; Gruber, H.; Smyth, P.; Pulido, O.; Rosenberg, L.; Scott, F.W. Identification of tubular complexes with pluripotent stem cells in the pancreas of diabetes-prone BB rats. Diabetologa 2001. 44, Suppl 1: A70.

Wang, G .-S.; Karamchandani, J.; Pulido, O.; Rosenberg, L.; Scott, F.W . Altered islet homeostasis before classic insulinitis in BB rats.Diabetes Metab. 2002. 28, 3S90-3S97.

9. Presentations

Adeeko, A.; Li, D.; Doucet, J.; Cooke, G.M .; Trasler, J.; Hales, B.F.; Robaire, B. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP S) differentially alters hepatic gene expression in dams and fetuses. Society of Toxicology of Canada, December 6-8, 2001,Montreal, Quebec.

Arnold, D.L.; Bryce, F.; T ryphonas, H.; Baccanale, C.; Hayward, S.; T anner, J.R.; M acLellan, E.; D earden, T.; Fernie, S.; Hodgen, M . Toxicological consequences of toxaphene ingestion by cynomolgus (Ma caca fascicularis). Northern Contaminants Program Workshop on Contaminants and Human Health in the Canadian Arctic: An Update, February 7-8, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Becalski, A.; Lau, B .P-Y.; Lewis, D .; Seaman, S. Acrylamide in foods: occurrence and sources. 116th AOAC International Meeting, September 22-26, 2002, Los Angeles, California.

Becalski, A.; Lau, B .P-Y.; Lewis, D .; Seaman, S. Acrylamide in foods: occurrence and sources. 116th AOAC International Meeting, September 22-26, 2002, Los Angeles, California.

Becalski, A.; Lau, B .P.-Y.; Lewis, D .; Seaman, S. Recent developments in acrylamide formation. Acrylam ide in Food Workshop, October 28-30, 2002, Chicago, Illinois.

Becalski, A.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Lewis, D.; Seaman, S. Acrylamide in food products: occurrence and sources.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002. Ottawa, Ontario.

Becalski, A.; Lau, B .P.-Y.; Lewis, D .; Seaman, S. Acrylamide in foods: Maillard reaction "dark secret."CFIA, Bureau of Food Safety and Consumer Protection Seminar Series, November 29, 2002,Ottawa, Ontario.

BeckdaSilva L., Mueller R., Harasaki H., Litwak K., Hendry P., Masters R., Haddad H., Mussivand T. Comparison of two anticoagulation regimens for in vivo evaluation of a totally implantable VAD (H eartsaver Vad). Heartfailure and Circulatory Support Summit 2002, August 2002, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Ben Rejeb , S. Immunoaffinity chromatography, a powerful sample clean-up technique for low-level residue determination in complex matrices.Agrochemical Devision Meeting, 222nd ACS Meeting, August 26-30, 2001, Chicago, Illinois.

Ben Rejeb, S.; Abbott, M.; Davies, D.; Cléroux, C. Development and optimization of immunochemical-based methods for the detection of hazelnut proteins in food products. Treiziemes rencontres Agoral, March 28-29, 2001, Dijon, France.

Ben Rejeb, S.; Abbott, M.; Davies, D.; Cléroux, C. Development and optimization of immunochemical-based methods for the detection of hazelnut proteins in food products. Immunochemistry Summit IX, 221st National ACS Meeting, April 1-5, 2001 , San Diego, California.

Ben Rejeb , S.; Abbott, M.; Davies, D.; Yeung, J. Immunochemical techniques for the quantification of hazelnut proteins in foods. Symposium on Food Allergens, 115th AOAC International Meeting and Exposition, September 9- 13, 2001 , Kansas City, Missouri.

Ben Rejeb, S.; Abbott, M.; Davies, D.; Yeung, J. Development and optimization of immunochemical-based methods for the detection of hazelnut proteins in chocolate. Federal Food Safety and Nutrition Research Meeting, November 25-27, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Bondy, G.S.; Doucet, J.; Armstrong, C.; Robertson, P.; Coady, L.; Fernie, S. Barker, M. Toxicity of chlordane- related food contaminants: a comparison of oxychlordane versus trans-nonachlor toxicity in the female rat. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies 44th Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Bondy, G.; Newsome, W.; Suzuki, C.; Armstrong, C.; Mehta, R.; Curran, I.; Doucet, J.; Fernie, S.; Hierlihy, S.; Lok, E.; Feeley, M .; Barker, M . Toxicity of chlordane-related food contam inants in Sprague-Dawley rats. Society of Toxicology 40th Annual Meeting, March 25-29, 2001, San Francisco, California.

Bondy, G.S.; Barker, M.; Cooke, G.; Curran, I.; Feeley, M . Toxicity of chlordane-related food contaminants. Northern Contaminants Program Workshop on Contaminants and Human Health in the Canadian Arctic: An Update. February 7-8, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Bondy, G.; Coady, L.; Doucet, J.; Robertson, P.; Moisey, J.; Armstrong, C.; Liston, V.; Norstrom, R. 2002. Sex- related differences in chlordane contaminant depletion and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components in rat tissues over time.Society of Toxicology of Canada 35th Annual Symposium, December 5-6, 2002, Montreal, Quebec.

Bondy, G.; Auyeung, K.; Armstrong, C. Induction of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human colon epithelial cells exposed to natural toxins.Society of Toxicology of Canada 35th Annual Symposium, December 5-6, 2002, Montreal, Quebec.

Bondy, G.; Coady, L.; Doucet, J.; Robertson, P.; Moisey, J.; Armstrong, C.; Liston, V.; Norstrom, R. 2002. Sex- related differences in chlordane contaminant depletion and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components in rat tissues over time. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Bondy, G.; Auyeung, K.; Armstrong, C. 2002. Induction of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human colon epithelial cells exposed to natural toxins. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Bowers, W.; Chu, I.; Nakai, J.; Moir, D.; Gill, S.; Mueller, R.; Wade, M.; Pulido, O. Developmental neurotoxicity of contaminants mixtures. TSRI Meeting, October 2001, Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Bowers, W.J.; Nakai, J.S.: Chu, I.; Moir, D.; Wade, M.; Yagminas, A.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S.; Pulido, O. Developmental neuro toxicology following perinatal exposure to a contaminant mixture found in Canadian Arctic populations. Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences, Palais de Congrés, Montreal, June 11-13, 2002.

Bowers, W.J.; Chu, I.; Nakai, J.; Moir, D.; Gill, S.; Pulido, O.; Wade, M. Developmental neurotoxicology of contaminant mixtures. TSRI National Conference, March 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Cooke, G.M .; Newsome, W .H.; Bondy, G.S.; Arnold, D.L.; Tanner, R.; Robertson, P.; Whalen, C .M.; Angers, G.; Massé, A. Organochlorine pesticide residues in male reproductive tract tissues. Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society, September 13-16, 2000, St. John's, Newfoundland.

Cooke, G.M . Human daily intake and mammalian immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of organotin. Toxic Substances Research Initiative Regional Conference, November 10-11, 2001, Hamilton, Ontario.

Cooke, G.M .; Schrader T .J. Interaction of chemicals with the human androgen receptor. Serono-CIHR Joint Meeting, February 15-17, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts.

Cooke, G.M .; Robaire, B.; Hales, B.F.; Trasler, J.; M orales, C.; Hermo, L.; Brawer, J.; Cyr, D.; Tryphonas, H.; Forsyth, D. Human daily intake and mammalian immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of organotin. TSRI National Conference, March 5-8, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Cooke, G.M .; Newsome, W .H.; Bondy, G.S.; Arnold, D.L.; Tanner, R.; Robertson, P.; Whalen, C .M.; Angers, G.; Massé, A. The mammalian testis accumulates lower levels of organochlorine chemicals compared with other tissues. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Cooke, G.M . Effect of organotins on human aromatase activity in vitro. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Cooke G.M .; Wood house A. The effects of aroclors and individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on human aromatase activity in vitro. Society of Toxicology of Canada, December 5-6, 2002, Montreal, Quebec.

Curran, I.H.A.; Gurofsky, S.; Green, J.; McVey, M.; Lok, E.; Mehta, R. Alterations in liver gene expression during carcinogenesis by ciprofibrate or azaserine in rats fed a choline-methionine deficient diet.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Curran, I.H.A.; Hierlihy, A.M.; Kwan, J.; Rowsell, P.; Bondy, G. 2002. Monitoring using oligonucleotide microarrays changes in gene expression induced by technical chlordane, cis-nonachlor and trans-nonachlor in rat livers. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Curran, I.H.A.; Rowsell, P.; Arnold, D.L. Liver transcriptome screening for induced genes of oligonucleotide array in cynomologus monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis) chronically do sed with toxaphene. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Curran, I.H.A.; Gurofsky, S.; Green, J.; McVey, M.; Lok, E.; Mehta, R. Alterations in liver gene expression during carcinogenesis by ciprofibrate or azaserine in rats fed a choline-methionine deficient diet. Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, April 6-10, 2002, San Francisco, California.

Dabeka, R.W . Quality control in the multi-element analysis of total diet samples by ICPM S. Annual Meeting of Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, October 6-12, 2001, Detroit, Michigan.

Dabeka, R.W. Canadian total diet study. Second Interna tional FA O/WHO Workshop on Total Diet Studies, February 1-14, 2002, Brisbane, Australia.

Desaulniers, D.; Cooke, G.M.; Leingartner, K.; Yagminas, A.; Tsang, B.K. Short- and long-term effects of following postnatal exposure to breast milk contaminants. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Feeley, M. Health hazard assessment process for country foods. Eleventh Annual Northern Contaminants Program Results Workshop, September 25-27, 2001, Calgary, Alberta.

Feeley, M. Risk assessment for metals in foods. Metal Contamination in Yukon Traditional Foods Workshop, March 16, 2002, Whitehorse, Yukon.

Feeley, M. Methylmercury risk assessment in Health Canada. Developing Hum an Tissue Contamina nt Guidelines, Health Canada Experts Workshop, March 25-26, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Forsyth, D.S. The determination of organotin, organolead and organomercury compounds using the pulsed discharge detector. Eastern Analytical Symposium and Exposition 40th Meeting, October 1-4, 2001, Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Forsyth, D.S. An evaluation of the pulsed discharge detector (PDD) for the determination of organotin, organomercury and organolead compounds. Eastern Analytical Symposium and Exposition 40th Meeting, October 1- 4, 2001, Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Forsyth, D.S. Method development of a survey on butyltin levels in Canadian consumer seafood products. Regional TSRI Conference, November 9-10, 2001, Hamilton, Ontario.

Forsyth, D.S. Application of the pulsed discharge electron capture detector (PD ECD): methylmercury in fish. 41st Eastern Analytical Symposium and Exposition, November 18-21, 2002, Somerset, New Jersey.

Fortier, B. Overview of the proposed enhanced labelling regulation. Consulting and Audit Canada Meeting with Industry Stakehorlders on the BIT Test, December 10, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Fortier, B. La morpholine dans les préparations de cires de pomm es. Société d'agriculture Mirabel-Deux- Montagnes (Assemblée annuelle), décembre 12, 2002, St-Benoit, Québec.

Gill, S.S.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Pulido, O. Methods in neurotoxicological pathology. From necropsy to transcription. Annual (2001) Departmental Research Day, April 30, 2001, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario.

Gill, S.S.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Pulido, O. Methods in neurotoxicological pathology. From necropsy to transcription. Neuroscience Meeting, November 5-12, 2001, San Diego, California.

Gill, S.S.; Murphy, M .; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Pulido, O. Histhopathology, imunohistochemistry and transcriptional analysis of biomarkers of neural injury from spirolides, Novel Shellfish Toxins, International Neural Toxicology Association, June 21, 2001, Estorial, Portugal.

Gill, S.S.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Pulido, O. Methods in neurotoxicological pathology. From necropsy to transcriptional analysis.Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences 44th Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Graziani-Bowering, G.M.; Jaentschke, B.; Lee, F.; Casley, W.; Schrader T.; Ashok, K.; Kozlowski, M. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SH P-1 in cell transformation. Ottawa Life Sciences Council 8th Annual National Conference and Exhibition, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Hays, A.; Graziani-Bowering, G.M.; Bozena, J.; Lee, F.; Casley, W.L.; Schrader, T.; Kumar, A.; Kozlowski, M. Altered expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in childhood leukem ia/lymphoma. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Jia, X.; Mehta, R.; Curran, I.; McIntosh, C.H.S.; Nian, C.; Fong, C.; Poon, K.H .; Bremsak, I.; Alimkulov, A.; Masri, S.; Devlin, R.H. Detection of transgenic fish in the Canadian foo d supply and assessment of potential toxic effects. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Jin, X.; Lok E.; Chan L.C.; Mehta R. Effects of dietary fats and proteins on methylmercury-mediated oxidative DNA damage in rats. Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences 45th Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2002, Montreal, Quebec.

Jordan, S.A. Tonics and toxins: the toxicology of herbal products. The University of Guelph Toxicology Students' Association 16th Annual Toxicology Symposium, March 2, 2002, Guelph, Ontario.

Kim, E.-K.; Scott, P.M.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Lewis, D.A. Extraction and stability of fumonisins in white rice flour and corn-based foods. Gordon Research Conference on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, June 24-29, 2001, Williamstown, Massachussetts.

Kim, E.-K.; Scott, P.M.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Lewis, D.A. Extraction and stability of fumonisins in white rice flour and corn-based foods. 115th AOAC International Annual Meeting and Exposition, September 9-13, 2001, Kansas City, Missouri.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Microcystin in blue-green algae tablets. Gordon Research Conference on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, June 24-29, 2001, Williamstown, Massachussetts.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Recent developments in the risk assessment of natural toxicants in foods. International Conference on Biosafety and Health, August 6-10, 2001, Bejing, China.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Recent developments in the risk assessment of deoxynivalenol. Second Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight, November 3-5, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Recent developments in the risk assessment of myco toxins. Federal Food Safety and Nutrition Research Meeting, November 25-27, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Risk assessment of patulin in Canadian apple juice. Annual Meeting of Canadian Horticultural Association, July, 2002, Moncton, New Brunswick.

Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Hugenholtz, A.; Vavasour, E.; Moreau, G.; Jordan, S.; Nawrot, P.; Lo, B.; Weld, M. Acrylamide in food: what are the hazards, what are the risks, and what should we do about it? Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Kuiper-Goodman, T. Risk assessment approaches for chemicals in the food supply. Health Canada-CFIA Forum on Risk Assessment, December 2, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Lau, B.P.-Y.; Tittlemier, S.A. Comparison of APCI and electrospray LC-MS/MS methods for the quantitative determination of perfluorinated organic compounds. 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, June 2-6, 2002, Orlando, Florida.

Lawrence, J.F. Analysis and health implications of contaminants in food. A 20 hour course to graduate students at the University of Vigo, June 24-28, 2002, Vigo, Spain.

Lefebvre, T.; Drouin, C.E.; Krantis, A.; Livesey, J.; Arnason, J.T.; Jordan, S.A.; Foster, B.C. In vitro activity of valerian against human cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism. 38th Annual Meeting of the Drug Information Association, June 16-20, 2002, Chicago, Illinois.

McVey, M.J.; Cooke, G.M. Inhibition of rat testis microsomal 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro by tributyltin. Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society, September 25-28, 2002, Charlevoix, Quebec.

McVey, M.J.; Cooke, G.M. Inhibition of rat testis microsomal 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro by tributyltin. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Mehta, R. Toxicology and allergenicity- issues, challenges and current research in the Food Directorate with reference to GM Foods. Technical Discussion on the Health and Safety Aspects of the Government of Canada Action Plan, April 30, 2002, Aylmer, Quebec.

Mehta, R.; Hierlihy, A.; Curran, I.H .A. Identification and characterization of potential health hazards associated with genetically modified foods: toxicological considerations. International Conference on Post-Market Surveillance of GM Foods, Issues, Challenges and Opportunities, October 16-17, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Mehta, R.; Barker, M .; Bird, R.P.; Bondy, G.S.; Caldwell, D.; Cooke, G.M .; Curran, I.H.A .; Gill, S.; Jia, X .; Lok, E .; Meuller, R.; Pulido, O.; Rowsell, P.; Schrader, T.J. Toxicology research in support of the evaluation of safety and long term health effects of genetically modified foods: issues and challenges.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Mehta, R.; Lok, E .; Kapal. K.; Armstrong, C.L.; Bondy, G.S. Multiple organs as targets for cell-pro liferative effects of chlordane-related food contaminants. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Mehta, R.; Lok, E .; Kapal, K.; Armstrong, C.L.; Bondy, G.S. Cell proliferation in various organs of rats treated with chlordane, oxychlordane or cis- or trans-nonachlor. Northern Contaminants Program Results Workshop, September 25-27, 2001, Calgary, Alberta.

Mehta, R.; Lok, E.; Gurofsky, S.; Laver, G.M.; Curran, I.H.A. Azaserine (AZA) enhances hepatic expression of glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GSTP ) in rats fed a choline-methionine deficient (CD ) diet.Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, March 24, 2001, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Pelletier, M.A. Renewal of Health Protection Branch and update of recent assessment activities in food packaging. The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Packaging Materials Committee, Symposium on Global Packaging Regulatory Issues, June 19-20, 2001, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pelletier, M.A. Harmonization of food packaging regulations- Canada's perspective. Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Packaging Material Committee, 2002 Spring Committee Meeting, June 27- 28, 2002, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pulido, O.; Quilliam, M.; Richard, D.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S. Toxicological neuropathology from domoic acid to spirolides-what we have learned? The Health Canada experience. Seventh Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae, May, 2001, Nanaimo, British Columbia.

Pulido, O.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S. Acute excitatory injury of the hippocampus induced by domoic and kainic acid. Case report, Registry of Toxicologic P athology for Animals. RTPA Toxicologic Histopathology Web Slide Conference 2001, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C.

Pulido, O.; Quilliam, M.; Richard, D.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Gill,S. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and transcriptional analysis of biomarkers of neural injury from spirolides, novel shellfish toxins. International Neurotoxicology Association , June 17-22, 2001, Estoril, Portugal.

Pulido, O.; Quilliam, M.; Richard, D.; Murphy, M.; Clausen, J.; Smyth, P.; McGuire, P.; Mueller, R.; Gill, S. Seafood toxins: a global problem with new challenges. Spirolides-novel shellfish toxins. Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health, June 23-26, 2002 Brescia, Italy.

Robaire, B.; Brawer, J.; Cooke, G.M .; Cyr, D., Hales, B.; Hermo, L.; Morales, C.; Trasler, Effects of in utero exposure to PO Ps on reproduction and development.TSRI National Conference, March 5-8, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Ryan, J.J.; Patry, B. Body burdens and food exposure to BD Es in Canada. Second International Workshop on Brominated Flame Retardants, BFR 2001, May 14-16, 2001, Stockholm, Sweden.

Ryan, J.J.; Patry, B. Body burdens and food exposure in Canada for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE s). Twenty first International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs, Dioxin 2001, September 9-14, 2001, Gyeongju, Korea.

Ryan, J.J.; Amirova, Z. Gender of children of Russian chemical producers exp osed to dioxins. Twenty-first International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs, Dioxin 2001, September 9- 14, 2001, Gyeongju, Korea.

Ryan, J.J.; Amirova, Z. Gender of children of Russian chemical producers exposed to dioxins. Fifth International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational & Environmental Health, September 18-21, 2002, Banff, Alberta.

Ryan, J.J.; Amirova, Z. Gender of children of Russian chemical producers exposed to dioxins. Eleventh International Society of Exposure Analysis, November 4-8, 2001, Charleston, South Carolina.

Ryan, J.J. Global levels of dioxins in humans. Viet Nam-United States Scientific Conference on Human Health and Environmental Effects of Agent Orange/Dioxin, March 3-6, 2002, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.

Ryan, J.J.; Patry, B. B rominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in Canadian human milks. 4th Annual Workshop on Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment, June 17-18, 2002, Canadian Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.

Ryan, J.J.; Patry, B.; M ills, P.; Beaudoin, N.G. Recent trends in levels of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE s) in human milks from Canada. 22th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs, Dioxin 2002, August 11-16, 2002, Barcelona, Spain.

Salminen, J. Risk assessment of food allergens and threshold considerations. CFIA/Industry Meeting on Food Allergens, December 18, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Sarwar, G.; L'Abbe, M.; Brooks, S.; Lok, E.; Cooke, E.; Pulido, O.; Thibert, P. Dietary Isoflavones: Safety and Nutritional Quality and Health Aspects.HPB Science Forum, Canadian Federation of Biological Societies 43rd Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2000, Ottawa, Ontario.

Sarwar, G.; L'Abbe, M.; Brooks, S.; Lok, E .; Cooke, E.; Pulido, O.; Thibert, P. Safety and nutritional quality assessment of soybean isoflavones in the rat model. American Chemical Society Symposium, Quality Management of Nutraceuticals, ACS 220 National Meeting, August 20-24, 2000, Washington, D.C.

Schecter, A.; Pavuk, M.; Malisch, R.; Ryan, J.J. Dioxin levels in Vietnamese food exported to the USA and Laos and in Laotian food purchased in Laos in 2001 . 22th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs, Dioxin 2002, August 11-16, 2002, Barcelona, Spain.

Schrader, T.J.; Cherry, W.; Langlois, I.; Soper K.; Vijay, H.M. Mutagenicity of Alternaria alternata extracts in the Ames Salmonella test.Canadian Federation of Biological Societies 44th Annual Meeting, June 22-25, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Schrader, T.J.; Langlois I. Comparison of glutamic and domoic acid excitotoxic responses in vitro. Seventh Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae, May 22-27, 2001, Nanaimo, British Columbia.

Schrader, T.J.; Cooke, G.M. Effects of aroclors and individual PCB congeners on activation of the human androgen receptor in vitro. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Schrader, T.; Langlois, I.; Soper, K. Mutagenic activation of soy isoflavones by nitrosylation in vitro. 45th Annual Meeting Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Montreal QC 12-15 June 2002 . (Abstract T007)

Schrader, T.; Langlois, I.; Soper, K. In vitro mutagenic activation of soy isoflavones by reaction with nitrous acid. Federal Food Safety and Nutrition Research Meeting. September 15-17, 2002, Guelph, Ontario.

Schrader, T.J.; Langlois, I.; Soper, K. In vitro mutagenic activation of soy isoflavones by nitrosylation. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Schrader, T.; Cooke, G. Effects of aroclors and individual PCB congeners on activation of the human androgen receptor in vitro.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Schrader, T.; Ryan, J.; Feeley, M. Risk assessment for dioxin-like PCBs.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Scott, P.M . Alternaria toxins and ochratoxin A in fruit juices and wines available in Canada. Italy-Canada Workshop on Aspects of Food Quality with Emphasis on Mycotoxin Contamination, June 11, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Scott, P.M . Methods of analysis for mycotoxins. International Conference on Biosafety and Health, August 6-10, 2001, Bejing, China.

Scott, P.M .; Kim, E.-K. The effect of matrix on analytical methodology for Fusarium toxins. Second Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight, November 3-5, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Scott, P.M . Methodology for the determination of fumonisins in foods. Research Co-ordination Meeting, Coordinated Research Programme on Evaluation of Methods of Analysis for Determining Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feed, September 16-20, 2002, Capetown, South Africa.

Sepehr, E.; Gilani, G.S.; Cooke, G.M.; Lok, E.; Mehta, R. Safety assessment of dietary isoflavones as predicted by growth, blood isoflavones and estrus cycle in rats.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Soumano, K.; Mo ir, D.; Kumarathasan, P.; Cooke, G.M .; Leingartner, K.; Charbonneau, M.; Tsang, B.K.; Desaulniers, D. Effects of organochlorines on the metabolism of estrogen: Development of techniques. Society of Toxicology of Canada, December 7-8, 2000, Montreal, Quebec.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Mills, P.; Ryan, J.J. Concentrations of naturally-produced organohalogens (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) in human milk: contributions to TEQs and evidence of metabo lism. SETAC 23rd Annual Conference, November 16-20, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Tittlemier, S.A.; Norstrom, R.J. Halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles-naturally-produced, persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic compounds? Enviroanalysis 2002, May 27-30, 2002, Toronto, Ontario.

Tomy, G.T.; Tittlemier, S.A.; Palace, V.; Budakowski, W.; Braekevelt, E.; Brinkworth, L.; Lau, B.P.-Y.; Friesen, K. In vitro biotransformation of PFOSA and N-EtPFOSA by rainbow trout liver microsomes. SETAC 23rd Annual Conference, November 16-20, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Tryphonas, H.; Cooke, G.M.; Hodgen, M.; Whalen, C.; Angers, G.; Liston, V.; Hayward, S. Immunotoxicity of tributyltin in in-utero and postnatally exposed Sprague-Dawley rats. Society of Toxicology of Canada, December 6- 8, 2001, Montreal, Quebec.

Tryphonas, H.; Bondy, G.; Hodgen, M.; Parenteau, M.; Hayward, S. Immunotoxicity of cis- and trans-nonachlor in a 28-day oral (gavage) study using Sprague-Dawley male and female rats. Society of Toxicology 40th Annual Meeting, March 25-29, 2002, San Francisco, California.

Tryphonas, H. Difficulties encountered in assessing the potential allergenicity of GM products-the need for a post-market surveillance mechanism. International Conference on Post-Market Surveillance of GM Foods, Issues, Challenges and Opportunities, October 16-17, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Vavasour, E. Evaluation of the addition of ingredients new to infant formula.Committee on the Evaluation of the Addition of Ingredients New to Infant Formula, March 7, 2002, US National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

Vavasour, E. Update on Codex activities relating to protein allergenicity. Meeting of ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Protein Allergenicity Subcommittee, June 21, 2001, Washington, D.C.

Vavasour, E. Evaluation of the addition of ingredients new to infant formula, current approaches-Health Canada. Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences Committee, Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, March 7, 2002, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Vijay, H.; Schrader, T.; Abebe, M.; Kumar, V.; Garcia, B.E.; Comtois, P. Allergenic and mutagenic characterization of 14Penicillium species. 7th International Congress on Aerobiology, 2002, Montebello, Quebec.

Vijay, H.M .; Schrader, T .; Abbe, M.; Kumar, V.; Sevinc, S.; Garcia, B.E.; Comtois, P . Allergenic and mutagenic characterization of 14 Penicillium species. Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.

Wade, M.G.; Lee, A.; McM ahon, A.; Cooke, G.M .; Curran, I. The influence of dietary isoflavone on the uterotrophic response in immature rats.Health Canada Research Forum, November 18-19, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario.