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Therapeutic Products Programme (TPP) Responses to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) - Questions from Industry (April 27, 2000 Dialogue) (PDF Version, 118 Kb)
Date: 2000-11-14
(April 27, 2000 Dialogue)
Please Note: The responses to the questions submitted and addressed in this document are based on current information, procedures, and policies which are in place at this time. The Programme is continually updating and revising policies and procedures and as such the information provided in these responses may change.
Quality Control/Assurance Unit - One or more individuals designated by, and reporting directly to, management with defined authority and responsibility to assure that all quality assurance policies are carried out in the organization. (Glossary of Terms)
Can the QC be under control of another department other than Quality Assurance?
The principles of GMP dictate that both QC and QA be independent from Production. This is to ensure that recommendations by QC/QA which relate to safety and/or quality improvement are not superseded by production issues (Refer to: GMP C.02.013).
The Medical Officer, who is a licensed physician and is qualified by training or experience, shall have responsibility and authority for all medical and technical procedures, including those that affect laboratory personnel and test performance, and for the consultative and support services that relate to the care and safety of donors. The acceptability of donors must be determined by trained qualified staff under the supervision of a qualified licensed physician. (C.02.006, 6)
Is it the TPP's intent that Collections and Laboratory Managers report to the Medical Officer?
It is not the role of the TPP to determine reporting lines within the company. The TPP Programme reviews the reporting structure according to the GMP. The intent is to assign overall responsibility of "medical and technical procedures" to the Medical Officer who is expected to be qualified by training and experience to oversee these activities, even when Collection and Laboratory Managers do not report to the Medical Officer.
QC/QA staff must hold a university degree in science or equivalent experience/knowledge directly related to Immunohematology or nursing. (C.02.006, 8)
Please explain the intent of this section. To what level of "staff" is this intended to apply? We request deletion of the restriction of related knowledge/experience to the field of immunohematology or nursing.
The intent is that all staff have the appropriate qualifications, including experience, knowledge, and training to enable them to perform their specific duties. We recognize that disciplines provided in the Annex are limiting and these will be reconsidered at the next review.
Within a blood component fabricating operation, the requirements of this section may be fulfilled by positions or departments other than the Quality Control Department as specified in the operating procedures. (C.02.014, 2)
Is this exemption (allowed by the US in the context of small community blood banks) truly appropriate in the context of the current Canadian blood system?
This is appropriate as long as the staff are adequately qualified and the Quality Control Department is independent of production. The organizational structure is the responsibility of the operator but must comply with the GMP requirements.
Comment: Staffing Changes.
Is it required in 7 days or can it be annual?
Currently, according to the terms and conditions of an Establishment License, notification of the appointment of a new staff member is required within 7 calendar days. This is under consideration by the TPP.
Facilities - Any area, including mobile clinic sites, used for the collection, testing, component production, storage (including records) or distribution of blood and blood components. (Glossary of Terms)
Does storage include storage of supplies?
Yes. It includes storage of supplies required for the fabrication process.
Directed Donations - Blood collected from an individual for the purpose of transfusion to a different individual, named by the donor, who has been identified in advance to be compatible. (Glossary of Terms)
What level of compatibility is required/intended? ABO/Rh or full cross-match?
The level of required compatibility is defined by the operators in their approved Standard Operating Procedures.
Computers, which maintain data used to identify donors, to make decisions regarding the suitability of blood components for transfusion or further manufacture, and/or to maintain data used to trace a unit of blood or a blood component from collection to its final disposition, must be validated in accordance with current Health Canada guidelines (Validation of Computerised Systems in Blood Establishments) prior to implementation and must be maintained in a validated state. (C.02.005, 4)
What is the TPP's position with respect to validation of networks (LAN or WAN) used to support communication of information within or between regulated systems?
Networks must be validated in conjunction with and relative to the operational applications relying on the network.
Key personnel shall include at least a Production Manager, a Quality Assurance (QC/AC) Manager and a Medical Officer. An individual may have more than one function but the Production Manager and Quality Assurance Manager must be independent of each other. (C.02.006, 5)
Does the TPP view Donor suitability assessment and testing of donations to be production or Quality control functions? (In general, the drugs GMPs would deem them to be the latter).
Currently, according to the Annex, donor suitability is considered to be Raw Material Testing and Donor Testing is considered to be Quality Control and it is recognized that donor screening and testing are linked and are used in combination to qualify donors.
Individuals in charge of production should hold a post secondary qualification (e.g., in management, medical laboratory science, general science or nursing) and have practical experience under professional guidance in the manufacture and control of therapeutic products made under GMP. Individuals with equivalent combination of education, training and experience may be qualified. (C.02.006, 7)
Is a post-secondary qualification in management with no background in science truly adequate for this function?
Qualifications in management alone, may not be adequate for this function. It is understood that the function would be performed by an individual with the appropriate knowledge, education, training, and experience, this may also include qualifications in management. This will be considered in future revisions of the Annex.
Blood establishments routinely fabricate blood components in a closed system so that there is no possibility of microbial contamination from outside after collection of the blood from the donor. (C.02.007, 1)
How does this rule apply when talking about a closed system; what is TPP's intent? Please clarify.
The Sanitation specification listed in the GMP Guidelines does not apply to Blood Establishments. The statement indicated above was included in an effort to explain why this specification does not apply.
Personnel shall be aware that microbial contamination of themselves, the donors, the blood components and the environment must be prevented. (C.02.008, 2)
We would like some elaboration of this requirement. For example: (a) Would someone with HBV or a cold be medically excluded from working in these areas? (b) Can a Medical Director approve an individual working in any of these areas based on the use of Universal Precautions, such as a mask to prevent transmission of a cold virus?
Universal precautions are in place to ensure minimal microbial contamination and therefore should be followed at all times. With respect to risks associated with the staff working in specific areas of a Centre, this would be at the discretion of the Medical Officer.
A comprehensive list of donors who are temporarily or permanently deferred must be maintained. If a blood manufacturer has multiple collection and processing facilities, a composite donor deferral registry, including the names and/or unique identifiers of all donors deferred at each facility, must be made available to each site and updated on a regular basis. (C.02.009, 2.3)
What is TPP's expectation vis-à-vis sharing of information with other manufacturers? (i.e. Cangene)
The TPP recommends open dialogue and sharing of information between manufacturers. With respect to information about donor deferral the TPP has requested the development of a National Donor Deferral Registry.
Labelling of blood components (C.02.011, 4)
No mention is made of ISBT code 128 standards. Is it still the TPP's intent to adopt these standards?
ISBT code 128 standards are intended to be international standards. Once in place, it is TPP's expectation that these labelling standards will be adopted by the fabricator.
The label shall state the composition and volume of anticoagulant/additive, the Establishment Licence Number and address of the component fabricator, and date of expiry. Expiry labels for products with a shelf-life of 72 hours or less must include the time of expiry. (C.02.011, 4.6)
(a) Is "CPDA-1"or "AS-3" an adequate statement of composition? This approach has been previously approved by BBR.
(b) Is it the TPP's intent to require blood components to carry a DIN? If not, why not?
(a) Due to restriction of labelling size, abbreviated identification of the anticoagulant is acceptable on the label. The full composition should be stated in the Circular of Information which is an extension of labelling.
(b) No, DINs are in place in order to assist provincial health care drug reimbursement programs. Blood and blood components are exempt from this and therefore it was decided not to assign them DINs. At this time TPP has no plans to assign DINs to blood components.
The guidance on recalls in the document entitled 'Product Recall Procedures' published by the Health Protection Branch does not apply in its entirety to Blood Components. (C.02.012, 1.4)
What are the exact exemptions? Define "...does not apply to in its entirety to Blood Components".
To avoid future confusion reference to this document will be removed from future versions of the Annex. The TPP recognizes the need to have specific guidelines for the recall of blood and blood components. In the meantime, fabricators should continue to follow their own approved procedures.
In the case of C.02.014 (2), if blood components are returned to the manufacturer they are only acceptable for re-issue if the manufacturer can document that the product, while out of their hands, was continuously stored under the appropriate storage conditions. (C.02.014, 6)
Why is the reference to "appropriate" storage conditions rather than to "labelled" storage conditions?
The approved labelled storage conditions are considered to be the appropriate storage conditions. The Annex will be revised accordingly.
The donor screening criteria (see Raw Material Testing) and donor sample testing (Quality Control Department) are factors in determining the acceptable quality and safety of blood and blood components. In process controls, as specified in approved OPs, provide specific GMP for Blood Component Fabrication. (C.02.015, 1)
The description of donor sample testing as part of the Quality Control Department seems inconsistent with C.02.006 (6).
This inconsistency is noted and will be addressed.
All donors of whole blood must be tested for the following serological tests at the time of each donation:
All donors must be screened for the following transmissible disease markers at the time of each donation:
Note: Addition of HTLV I/II and HIV-1p24 is inconsistent with 1992 Guidelines for Blood Collection and Blood Component Manufacturing (this Annex does not clearly indicate the status of these Guidelines). Clarify that source plasma donors do not require syphilis and HTLV I/II testing at each donation.
At this time the 1992 Guidelines are still applicable, however information in the Annex is considered to be more current. The two documents should be used in conjunction until such times as all documents providing fabrication guidance on blood are integrated.
In regards to donors of plasma for further manufacture:
All donors that are found repeat reactive for a transmissible disease marker listed above [C.02.015, 5.4] must be deferred. (C.02.015, 5.6)
Is there a possibility of a reintegration protocol based on confirmation testing?
Yes, the TPP would review and examine the acceptability of any reintegration protocols that a manufacturer/ fabricator may submit.
A quality control program which assesses the quality of all manufactured blood components must be followed by every fabricator. The frequency of quality control testing, expressed as a percent of overall production, as well as the minimum number specified over a period of time, and the acceptable criteria for quality control testing of each type of component must be established by each fabricator. (C.02.015, 6)
How does TPP define quality control for a specialty plasma Centre manufacturing source plasma for further manufacturing?
Donor suitability, including negative test results for transmissible disease is established prior to release of the plasma unit for further manufacturing. The only additional requirement is visual inspection for the integrity of the unit. Other quality control requirements may be dictated by the nature of the fabricating process.
Records of sanitation need not be retained. (C.02.024, 2)
This exemption is inconsistent with general requirements for the drug industry. Is it the intent to exempt these records from indefinite retention?
Sanitation does not present with the same relevance in Blood Establishments as in Pharmaceutical Drug Fabrication, therefore there is no need to keep records of routine facility cleaning procedures. However, records of spill/accident clean-ups and any equipment cleaning required during the fabrication process must be documented and retained with the production records. This will be clarified in the next addition of the Annex.
Although blood is not a sterile drug, sterility testing should be performed as part of Quality Control testing. Sterility testing must be done with a methodology specific to aerobic and anaerobic pathogens in blood. Sterility testing serves as a monitor of the effectiveness of the protocol for phlebotomy site preparation. (C.02.015, 8)
Is it the TPP's intent that only the presence of pathogen organisms (in contrast to normal skin flora) be considered? Sterility testing may serve as a monitor (rather than "Sterility testing serves"....) would be more accurate.
It is not the intent to test only for pathogen organisms. The next version will be revised to clarify the intent.
A blood establishment shall be under the direction of designated, qualified personnel who shall exercise control of the establishment in all matters relating to good manufacturing practices (GMP) for blood component manufacturing. Designated staff shall have an understanding of the science principles and techniques involved in the manufacture of blood components. Training and competency evaluations must be documented. (C.02.006, 2)
Please define the term "blood establishment" so that we can put this requirement in the proper context.
A "Blood Establishment" is the premises/buildings/remote sites where the fabrication (collection, production, processing), packaging/labelling/, testing and/or distribution of blood and blood components takes place.
The fabricator shall ensure the employment of adequate personnel qualified by education and/or experience, as specified in their job descriptions. The tasks and responsibilities of all individuals must be clearly understood and documented. All personnel shall be trained in the principles of GMP relevant to their work. Records of the qualifications, training, and continuing competence of individuals shall be maintained. (C.02.006, 3)
Is the intent of the term "fabricator" different from that of "blood establishment" in item 2 (previous question)
Yes. The term "fabricator" refers to the manufacturer, operator, company or firm responsible for fabricating/ manufacturing/ producing the product. A fabricator performs the activity of fabrication (see the definition provided in the next question) which is only one of the licensable activities that may occur in a blood establishment (see response to the previous question for licensable activities). The blood establishment is the facility or premises at which the licensable activities take place.
A quality control program which assesses the quality of all manufactured blood components must be followed by every fabricator. The frequency of quality control testing, expressed as a percent of overall production, as well as the minimum number specified over a period of time, and the acceptable criteria for quality control testing of each type of component must be established by each fabricator. (C.02.015, 6)
Please define the term "fabricator" in contrast to the term "operator" used elsewhere in the Annex.
The term "Fabricator", as addressed in the previous question, refers to the manufacturer, operator company or firm responsible for fabricating/manufacturing/producing the product. The term "Operator" is a unique Programme term to describe the role of Canadian Blood Services and Héma-Québec, which is synonymous with fabricator.
Contract facility - Organization performing work associated with the manufacturing process for the manufacturer. (Glossary of Terms)
Is this term applicable only to organizations external to the "manufacturer"?
A contract facility is considered to be external to the fabricator/manufacturer.
Processing - Any fabricating step performed between the collection of blood and the issuing of a component. (Glossary of Terms)
Why is donor screening excluded? What is the difference between "processing", "fabricating", and "manufacturing"?
"Processing" is synonymous with the term "fabricating" and "manufacturing". Accordingly, fabricating includes all steps from donor selection to final disposition of products. This will be clarified in the next version of the Annex.
Sub-Centre - Permanent site under the control of a Blood Centre, which is licensed for limited fabrication activities. (Glossary of Terms)
Fixed sites are not defined and are regulated differently from sub-centres.
Definitions will be added to the next edition of the Annex to clarify this issue. Fixed sites are not regulated differently. Regulation remains the same, regardless of the site of operations.
Adequate storage space for the dry, clean and orderly placement of stored materials under monitored temperature conditions compatible with conditions specified on label. Storage areas shall provide for suitable and effective separation of quarantined and released material. (C.02.004, 3.12)
What does the term 'stored material' include? Does it refer to soft goods, equipment, labels, blood products or everything at a collection centre?
The term 'stored material' includes all equipment, soft goods, labels, etc. used in the fabricating process.
Procedure(s) to detail the receipt, inspection, and storage of material and products within the premises. (C.02.011, 1.4.17)
Requires clarification regarding the use of the term "material". Does this mean blood products, soft goods or both?
The requirement refers to all goods and materials used that would impact on the quality of the product, as well as the products themselves.
Individuals in charge of production should hold a post secondary qualification (e.g., in management, medical laboratory science, general science or nursing) and have had practical experience under professional guidance in the manufacture and control of therapeutic products made under GMP. Individuals with equivalent combination of education, training and experience may be qualified. (C.02.006, 7)
The term "production" is not defined.
The term "production" is defined in the GMP Guideline's in the Glossary of Terms section as: All operations involved in the preparation of a finished product, from receipt of materials, through processing and packaging, to completion of the finished product, including storage.
There must be a system in place to ensure the timely reporting of complaints or product defects to the vendor and prompt effective remedial action by the vendor. (C.02.010, 1.2)
Please define the term "complaint" in this context.
Any issue of concern or dissatisfaction raised by a customer/client.
Packaging Material testing does not apply to blood component manufacturing as original collection bags and satellite bags must be approved Medical Devices. Additional routine testing is not required for use of approved collection bags. However, testing may be required during an investigation of a complaint or an adverse reaction. (C.02.016 and C.02.017, 1)
See comments under C.02.009 (3). Please define complaint.
Any issue of concern or dissatisfaction raised by a customer/client.
Each donation shall be identified in a unique manner and shall allow for the traceability of each blood component back to the donor and forward to final disposition. (C.02.011, 4.3)
What is meant by "final disposition" particularly in reference to destruction of units? (see also "point of end use" - C.02.021 (2).
The final disposition refers to the products' final use or destruction. If destruction of the product is conducted by a contractor for the fabricator, then confirmation of destruction should be supplied to the fabricator, and records retained.
Records that substantiate the safety of blood and blood components and the traceability of the components from donor to final disposition shall be retained indefinitely. The records must enable the fabricator to trace blood or blood components to donors in the case of a traceback investigation, and to the point of end use in case of lookbacks. (C.02.021, 2)
What is done with the final disposition of discarded products? Is there a clear/ consistent procedure on what we request to see at the Centres. How far do they need to go, to the contractor, or do they have to go a step further to the confirmation of destruction by the contractor, to the actual bin etc.?
The final disposition refers to the products' final use or destruction. If destruction of the product is conducted by a contractor for the fabricator, then confirmation of destruction should be supplied to the fabricator, and records retained.
A sample taken from every final product processed in an open system (e.g., red blood cells, deglycerolized) shall be tested retrospectively for sterility. (C.02.029, 4)
Explain 'retrospectively'.
Sterility testing results may not be available prior to use or transfusion of the component, due to the required incubation time frames.
Comment: SOP - Standard Operating Procedure.
What is meant by validation of SOPs? What is it? Do you validate SOPs or do you validate the process?
SOP validation is the process by which a new SOP or a revised SOP is assessed to determine that the work instructions provided are accurate, clear and understandable to staff and reflective of the process which it describes.
Autologous Donation - Blood collected from an individual for the purpose of transfusion back to the same individual. (Glossary of Terms)
Are they considered as patient care? Should Medical officers have the final word on the eligibility of donors and the suitability of the components? Are the standards for autologous donations different from those for homologous donations, if so how should they be handled?
As a result of the special circumstances associated with autologous blood donations, donor-patient safety is of particular concern and dictates the requirements under these circumstances. Suitable guidelines for autologous donations must be established by the Medical Officer and documented in the establishment's procedures manual. Decisions regarding autologous donations are often taken in consultation with the donor-patient's physician. In this context, standards for autologous donations are different from those for homologous donations. However, many requirements for homologous donations, such as collection, storage and transport, also apply to autologous donations.
Comment: Some people think that Lotus or Excel are regulated computer systems.
What is BBR's definition of a regulated computer system?
The systems are not regulated, however the function of the system and data generated in a specific process may be regulated.
Post Donation Information (PDI) - Information related to a donor or a donation made available to the collection facility following a donation. The information can be provided by the donor or other source. It may adversely affect the safety and/or quality of donated blood/component. PDI does not include errors, accidents or anomalies that occur during screening or later during collection, processing or testing but are discovered at some point after the donation is made. (Glossary of Terms)
PDI may "indicate that the safety and/or quality of the donated blood component is compromised". Information cannot directly affect quality.
The information received as PDI could relate to a risk that may affect the safety and/or quality of the donated blood and thus "indicate that the safety and/or quality of the donated blood component is compromised". In the next addition of the Annex this will be more specific.
Processing - Any fabricating step performed between the collection of blood and the issuing of a component. (Glossary of Terms)
For the whole document: Use of consistent terminology would be appreciated.
In the revised version of the Annex, every effort will be made to use consistent terminology.
When blood collection clinics are conducted by mobile teams, a realistic attitude towards environmental standards is necessary. The premises should satisfy common sense requirements for the health and safety of both the mobile teams, and the donors concerned, with due regard for relevant legislation or regulation. Points to check should include adequate heating, lighting and ventilation, general cleanliness, provision of a secure supply of water and electricity, adequate sanitation, compliance with fire regulations, satisfactory access for unloading and loading of equipment, adequate space to allow free access to the bleed and rest beds. An area shall be provided for a confidential interview with a donor. (C.02.004, 4)
The collection bags, which are approved Medical Devices, do not require further testing. The certificate of analysis for each lot of collection bags must be reviewed and approved prior releasing for clinic use. Each collection bag must be visually examined prior to its use for blood collection, again at the time of product release into available inventory, and finally before the released product is distributed. (C.02.009, 3)
Given the critical nature of the collection bags, these should be subject to lot release by Medical Devices. This should include confirmation that the materials and construction of the actual containers, filters and their composition, and the sterility of any solutions contained meet pre-determined specifications.
Overall responsibility of safety and efficacy requires efficient communications between users and manufacturers, including complaint handling, required modifications to materials, design, indications for use. Currently blood bags are classified into risk class II, including leukoreduction filters. If additional information is provided to the MDB to merit classification into higher risk category this would be considered.
Because of their intended use, good quality is crucial to blood components. Therefore, the collection of blood and the processing, storage and distribution of blood components must be organised in a way to ensure a high component quality. This can only be achieved if the fabricator has a system of quality management. Quality management is an integrated system of quality assurance covering all matters which individually or collectively influence the components in order to guarantee their quality. (C.02.014, 3)
We agree with this comment. It supports our comments regarding C.02.009 (3) and C.02.016 and C.02.017 (1).
No response required.
Computers, which maintain data used to identify donors, to make decisions regarding the suitability of blood components for transfusion or further manufacture, and/or to maintain data used to trace a unit of blood or a blood component from collection to its final disposition, must be validated in accordance with current Health Canada guidelines (Validation of Computerised Systems in Blood Establishments) prior to implementation and must be maintained in a validated state. (C.02.005, 4)
Cannot locate "current Health Canada guidelines (Validation of Computerised Systems in Blood Establishments)" Document currently in use is "Guidelines for Computerised System Validation" prepared by Outer Join Developments.
TPP regrets that the incorrect document was quoted in the Annex. Currently, new guidelines are being developed and when available will be distributed to all manufacturers for discussion and consultation.
Hygiene instructions, including clothing and behaviour requirements, must be present in each department. These instructions should be understood and followed by all personnel. (C.02.008, 3)
Define 'behaviour requirements'.
In the next revision of the guideline, 'behaviour requirements' will be revised to be more specific.
If coloured labels are used to identify products for transfusion, the colours must follow the conventions outlined in the guidelines for Blood Collection and Component Manufacturing (Part IV section 2.4.2). (C.02.011, 4.4)
Translation problem - French document does not state "if coloured labels are used..." , just states "coloured labels have to conform..."
This will be corrected.
Comment: Response regarding "known" time lines re: categorization of SOPS considered incorrect. Example - Defer Donor SOP received a Category 3 rating and three (3) days later correspondence received approving its implementation.
How are we to plan and use resources appropriately when this type of situation occurs?
The assignment of categories to licence amendment submissions is an integral part of the risk management approach adopted by the TPP. The TPP has assigned performance targets associated with each submission type. These targets have been put in place in an effort to manage programme workload and to provide the sponsor with a time frame of when to expect a submission to be reviewed. However, workload and staff availability do impact the process and sometimes submissions may be reviewed well within targets or may not meet the target time.
Comment: Bug Fix vs Change.
Do both need a five (5) part submission requiring pre-approval?
It is the manufacturers responsibility to submit a submission which contains the necessary information to review the proposed change(s). In order to assist this process, guidelines are produced by the Programme. Currently, it is recommended that manufacturers refer to the "Process for License Amendment". As new guidelines become available, manufacturers will be informed.