Creosote-impregnated Waste Materials - PSL1

5.0 References

AWPA, Book of Standards, American Wood Preservation Association, Bethesda, MD (1977).

Bamwoya, J.J., L.A. Rutherford, P.A. Hennigar, and W.H. Horne, "Toxic Contaminants in Soils and Sediments at Four Wood Preservation Facilities in Atlantic Canada", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S., Report No. EPS-5-AR-91-2 (1991).

Batterson, J., "Koppers International Burnaby Plant Site", Water Quality Unit, Surrey, B.C., B.C. Ministry of Environment Report No. 5795-1(1981).

Beak Assoc. Consulting, "Delineation of Site Contamination at Prince Albert Timber Treating Site", Saskatoon, Sask. (1990).

Beak Consultants Limited and Dominion Soil Investigation Inc., "Lake Sediment Studies-Thunder Bay, Lake Superior", Brampton, Ont. (1988).

Berard, M.F., "Northern Wood Preservers Inc., Thunder Bay, Ontario. Status Report", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ont. (1988).

Berard, M. and T. Tseng, "Survey of Northern Wood Preservers Inc., Thunder Bay, Ontario, October 1984", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ont. (1986).

Bieri, R.H., C. Hem, R.J. Huggett, P. Shou, H. Slone, C. Smith, and C. Su, "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments from the Elizabeth River Subestuary", Int. J. Environ. Analyt. Chem., 26:97-113 (1986).

Black, J.J., "Movement and Identification of a Creosote-derived PAH¹ Complex Below a River Pollution Point Source", Arch. Environ. Toxicol., 11:161-166(1982).

Black, J.J., T.F. Hart, and E. Evans, "HPLC Studies of PAH Pollution in a Michigan Trout Stream", In: Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Fifth International Symposium, Columbus, OH, Cooke, M. and A.J. Dennis (eds.), Batelle Press, 343-355 (1980).

Bos, R.P., C.T. Hulshof, J.L. Theuws, and P.Th. Henderson, "Mutagenicity of Creosote in the Salmonella/Microsome Assay", Mut. Res., 119:21-25 (1983).

Cherry, J.A. and J.E. Smith, "Wood-Preservative Migration Through a Clayey Aquitard in Winnipeg", Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. (1990).

Clement Int. Corp., "Toxicological Profile for Creosote", Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., Report No. TP-90-09 (1990).

Conestoga-Rovers & Assoc., "Bell Pole Comprehensive Remedial Plan Revised - July, 1991", Waterloo, Ont. (1991a).

Conestoga-Rovers & Assoc., "Bell Pole Westyard Phase II Remedial Investigation", Waterloo, Ont. (1991b).

Constable, M., Personal communications with plant operators, Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alta. (1992).

Coover, J., B. Stone, and B. Genes, "Biological Treatment of Creosote Contaminated Groundwater in Montana", In: 1988 Joint CSCE-ASCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering, Canadian Society of Civil Engineers/American Society of Civil Engineers Conference, Vancouver, B.C. (July 13-15, 1988).

CRC Press, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 53rd Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, OH (1973).

de Geus, N., "Ontario Region 1989 Audit of Clean-up of Creosote Pools Northern Wood Preservers Inc., Thunder Bay, Ontario", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ont. (1990).

DeBrou, G.B., "Air Quality Survey (TAGA 3000)", Air Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ont., Report No. ARB-215-89 (1989).

DeLeon, I., J. Ferrario, and C. Byrne "Bioaccumulation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the Clam, Rangia cuneata, in the Vicinity of A Creosote Spill", Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 41:872-879 (1988).

Domtar Inc., "Miscellaneous Site Evaluation for Domtar", New Westminster, B.C. (1983).

Ehrlich, G.G., E.M. Godsy, D.F. Goerlitz, and M.F. Hult, "Microbial Ecology of a Creosote-contaminated Aquifer at St. Louis Park, MN," Chapter 18 In: Microbiology of the Subsurface Environment, Symposium Proceedings (1980).

Elder, J.F. and P.V. Dresler, "Accumulation and Bioconcentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Nearshore Estuarine Environment Near a Pensacola (Florida) Creosote Contamination Site", Environ. Poll., 49:117-132 (1988).

Envirochem, "Subsurface and Soil Investigation at Canada Cedar Pole Preservers Ltd.", North Vancouver, B.C. (1989).

Envirochem, "Subsurface and Soil Investigation at Canada Cedar Pole Preservers Ltd. Phase II", North Vancouver, B.C. (1990).

Environment Canada, "Miscellaneous Site Evaluation of Domtar New Westminster Wood Preservation Facility", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, North Vancouver, B.C. (1983).

Environmental Management Assoc., "Report on Canada Creosote Project: Ecological Impact Evaluation and Risk Assessment", Calgary, Alberta, Draft Report (1993).

Ertman, K., "State of the Wood Preservation Industry in Western and Northern Region Effects of the Technical Recommendation Documents", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alta., Draft report (1992).

Goerlitz, D.F., D.E. Troutman, E.M. Godsy, and B.J. Franks, "Migration of Wood-preserving Chemicals in Contaminated Groundwater in a Sand Aquifer at Pensacola", Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(10): 955-981 (1985).

Golder Associates, "Hydrogeological Investigation Phase 1, Domtar Wood Preserving Division Newcastle, N.B.", Mississauga, Ont. (1987).

Golder Associates, "Hydrogeological Investigation Phase 2, Domtar Wood Preserving Division Newcastle, N.B.", Mississauga, Ont. (1988).

Golder Associates, "Data Review and Seismic Survey Domtar Wood Preserving Division Plant Newcastle, N.B.", Mississauga, Ont. (1989).

Golder Associates, "Preliminary Risk Assessment Canada Creosote Site, Calgary, Alta.", Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alta. (892-2803U) (1990a).

Golder Associates, "Soil and Groundwater Investigation at the Former Canada Creosote Ltd. Site, Calgary, Alta. Phase 2", Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alta., Report No. 1 892-2803S (1990b).

Golder Associates, "Hydrogeological Study Liverpool Tank Farm, Surrey, B.C.", Domtar Wood Preserving Division, Vancouver, B.C. (1991).

Gough, G. and D. Konasewich, "Spill Incidents and Consequences at Kopper's Facility", B.C. Ministry of Environment and Envirochem Services, Surrey and North Vancouver, B.C. (1985).

Hamilton, H., Personal communication, HydroQual Consultants, (Dec. 21, 1992).

Hargis Jr., W.J., M.R. Roberts Jr., and D.E. Zwerner, "Effects of Contaminated Sediments and Sediment-exposed Effluent Water on An Estuarine Fish: Acute Toxicity", Marine Environ. Res., 14:337-354 (1984).

Henning, F.A. and D.E. Konasewich, "Description and Assessment of Four Eastern Canadian Wood Preservation Facilities", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont. (1984).

Hickok, E.A., J.B. Erdmann, M.J. Simonett, G. Boyer, and L.L. Johnson, "Groundwater Contamination with Creosote Wastes", In: 1982 National Conference on Environmental Engineering, July, 1982, Minneapolis, W.K. Johnson and D.R. Martenson (eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers (1982).

Hoffman, R.E. and S.E. Hrudey, "Evaluation of the Reclamation of Decommissioned Wood Preserving Plant Sites in Alberta", Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alta. (1990).

Hult, M.F. and J.R. Stark, "Coal-Tar Derivatives in the Prairie Du Chein-Jordan Aquifer, St. Louis Park, Minnesota", pp. 99-102 In: National Water Summary 1986-Hydrologic Events and Ground-Water Quality, Moody, D.W., J.C. Carr, E.B. Chase, R.W. Paulson (eds.), U.S. Geological Survey (1986).

Ito, M., Letter and data sheet to W. McNaughton, Plant Manager, New Westminster Wood Preserving Division, Domtar Chemicals Group, Director, Authorizations Branch, Environment Canada, North Vancouver, B.C. (1991).

Johnson, L.L., E. Casillas, T.K. Collier, B.B. McCain, and U. Varanasi, "Contaminant Effects on Ovarian Development in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington", Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 45:2133-2146 (1988).

Kieley, K.M. ,R.A.F. Matheson, and P.A. Hennigar, "Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Vicinity of Two Atlantic Region Wood Preserving Operations", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S., Report No. EPS-5-AR-86-3 (1986).

Konasewich, D., N. Hutt, and G.E. Brudermann, "An Inventory of Sources, Uses and Waste Disposal Practices of Creosote in Canada", for Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alta. (1991).

Leo, A., C. Hansch, and D. Elkins, "Partition Coefficients and Their Uses", Crit. Rev., 71 (6):525-616 (1971).

Malins, D.C., B.B. McCain, J.T. Landahl, M.S. Myers, M.M Krahn, D.W. Brown, S. Chan, and W.T. Roubal, "Neoplastic and Other Diseases in Fish in Relation to Toxic Chemicals: An Overview", Aquat. Toxicol., 11:43-67 (1988).

Malins, D.C., M.M. Krahn, M.S. Myers, L.D. Rhodes, D.W. Brown, C.A. Krone, B.B. McCain, and S. Chan, "Toxic Chemicals in Sediments and Biota from a Creosote-polluted Harbor: Relationships with Hepatic Neoplasms and Other Hepatic Lesions in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus)", Carcinogenesis, 6(10):1463-1469 (1985).

Merck Index, P. A. Cooper (ed.), 9th Edition, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ (1976).

Merrill, E.G. and T.L. Wade, "Carbonized Coal Products As a Source of Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Sediments from a Highly Industrialized Estuary", Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(7):597-602 (1985).

Metcalf, J.L. and A. Hayton, "Comparison of Leeches and Mussels as Biomonitors for Chlorophenol Pollution", J. Great Lakes Res., 15(4):654-668 (1989).

Miller, M.M., S.P. Wasik, G.L. Huang, W.Y. Shiu, and D. MacKay, "Relationships Between Octanol-water Partition Coefficient and Aqueous Solubility", Env. Sci. Technol, 19 (6):522-529 (1985).

Myers, M.S., J.T. Landahl, M.M. Krahn, L.L. Johnson, and B.B. McBain, "Overview of Studies on Liver Carcinogenesis in English Sole from Puget Sound; Evidence for a Xenobiotic Chemical Etiology I: Pathology and Epizootiology", Sci. Tot. Env., 94:33-50 (1990).

Myers, M.S., L.D. Rhodes, and B.B. McCain, "Pathologic Anatomy and Patterns of Occurrence of Hepatic Neoplasms, Putative Preneoplastic Lesions, and Other Idiopathic Hepatic Conditions in English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington", J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 78(2):333-363 (1987).

NOAA, "The Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment-sorbed Contaminants Tested in the National Status and Trends Program", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Seattle, WA, Report No. 1 NOAA T.M. 52 (1990).

O'Connor Assoc., "Preliminary Investigation of Organic Contamination Beneath the Former Canada Creosoting Plant Site", Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alta., Report No. 10-1042 (1989).

Persaud, D., R. Jaagumagi, and A. Hayton, "Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario", Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, Ont. (1992).

Pittinger, C.A., A.L. Buikema Jr., S.G. Hornor, and R.W. Young, "Variation in Tissue Burdens of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indigenous and Relocated Oysters", Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 4:379-387 (1985).

Pugh, D., "A Benthos and Substrate Quality Survey of Thunder Bay Harbour in the Vicinity of Northern Wood Preservers 1972 and 1986", Water Resources Assessment Unit, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Thunder Bay, Ont. (1989).

Quebec Ministry of the Environment, "L'Industrie du traitement chimique (préservation et protection) du bois au Québec en 1987", Direction des substances dangereuses, ENVIRODOQ 890660 (1989).

Reitman, V. ,T. Stone, M. Trudell, L. Andrusiak, and D. Thomson, "Mechanisms of Creosote Movement into the Bow River at the Canada Creosote Site", Alberta Research Council, Devon, Alta. (1990).

Roberts, M., W. Hargis, C. Strobel, and P.F. DeLisle, "Acute Toxicity of PAH Contaminated Sediments to the Estuarine Fish, Leiostomus xanthurus", Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 42:142-149 (1989).

Romanowski, T., W. Funcke, I. Grossmann, J. Konig, and E. Balfanz, "Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Determination of High-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coal Tar", Anal. Chem., 55:1030-1033 (1983).

Rotard, W. and W. Mailahn, "Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Creosote Extracted from Wooden Sleepers Installed in Playgrounds", Anal. Chem., 59:65-69 (1987).

Rostad, C.E., W.E. Pereira, and M.F. Hult, "Partitioning Studies of Coal-Tar Constituents in a Two-Phase Contaminated Ground-Water System", Chemosphere, 14(8):1023-1036 (1985).

Schoor, W.P., D.E. Williams, and N. Takahashi, "The Induction of Cytochrome P450-IA1 in Juvenile Fish by Creosote-contaminated Sediment", Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 20:497-504 (1991).

Seeley, K.R. and B.A. Weeks-Perkins, "Altered Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages in Oyster Toadfish from a Highly Polluted Subestuary", J. Aquat. Anim. Heal., 3:224-227 (1991).

Shaw, R., Personal communication, HydroQual Consultants (Dec. 23, 1992).

Sproull, J. and N. Gurprasad, "Analysis of Creosote Impregnated Waste Materials from Selected Sources Across Canada for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols", Appendix I of the Technical Background Document of the PSL Toxicity Assessment of Creosote Impregnated Waste Materials", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada (1992).

Stanley Assoc., "Treatment and Disposal of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Burnaby Plant Site", Koppers International Canada Ltd. (1982).

Stein, J.E., W.L. Reichert, M. Nishimoto, and U. Varanasi, "Overview of Studies on Liver Carcinogenesis in English Sole from Puget Sound ; Evidence for a Xenobiotic Chemical Etiology II: Biochemical Studies", Sci. Tot. Env. (94):51-69 (1990).

Superior Diving, "Summary Report on the Sediments and Lake Bottom Surrounding Northern Wood Preservers, Thunder Bay, Ont." (1988).

Swartz, R.C., P.F. Kemp, D.W. Schults, G.R. Ditsworth, and R.J. Ozretich, "Acute Toxicity of Sediment from Eagle Harbor, Washington, to the Infaunal Amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius", Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 8:215-222 (1989).

Syracuse Research Corporation, "Toxicological Profile for Phenol", Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service and U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. (1989).

Thompson, G.E., H. Husain, J. Parry, and P.J. Gilbride, "Hydrogeological Control and Clean Up of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants at Northern Wood Preservers Ltd.", In: Twenty-fifth Ontario Industrial Waste Conference (June, 1978).

U.S. EPA, "Coal Tar, Creosote, and Coal Tar Neutral Oil Non-wood Preservative Uses", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Report No. EPA/540/09-87/110 (1984).

U.S. EPA, "Health Affects Assessment for Creosote", Office of Health and Environmental Assessment and Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Report No. EPA/600/8-88/025 (1987).

U.S. EPA, "Superfund Record of Decision, (EPA Region 8):Libby Ground Water Contamination, MT, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Report No. EPA/ROD/RO8-89/022 (1988).

Vogelbein, W.K., J.W. Fourie, P.A. Van Veld, and R.J. Huggett, "Hepatic Neoplasms in the Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus from a Creosote-contaminated Site", Canc. Res., 50: 5978-5986 (1990).

W.L. Wardrop & Assoc., "Northern Wood Preservers Ltd. Thunder Bay Creosote Contamination Investigation. Phase 1, Results of Soils and Ground Water Investigation", (1977).

Wile, K., "Saga of the Koppers Site in Burnaby", Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, North Vancouver, B.C. (1984).