Priority Substances List Assessment Report for Inorganic Chloramines

Appendix A Search Strategies Employed for Identification of Relevant Data

Data relevant to the environmental assessment of the entry, environmental fate and exposure, and environmental effects of chloramines were identified in original literature, review documents, and commercial and government databases and indices, including on-line searches conducted between January and May 1996 and during September 1998 of the following databases: Aqualine (Water Research Centre, Buckinghamshire; 1985-1996), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics, Environment Canada; 1995), BIOSIS (Biosciences Information Services; 1990-1996), CAB (Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux; 1990-1996), CCINFO (Canadian Centres Information On-line, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety; 1996), CESARS (Chemical Evaluation Search and Retrieval System, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Michigan Department of Natural Resources; 1996), CHEMINFO (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety; 1996), CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Release Information System; 1996), Canadian Research Index (Government of Canada/Micromedia; 1990-1996), Current Contents (Institute for Scientific Information; 1990 - September 1998), ELIAS (Environmental Library Integrated Automated System, Environment Canada Library; January 1996), ENVIRODAT (Environment Canada; 1996), Enviroline (R.R. Bowker Publishing Co.; 1990-1996), Environmental Abstracts, Environmental Bibliography (Environmental Studies Institute, International Academy at Santa Barbara; 1975-1996), Envirosource (Environment Canada; 1996), GEOREF (Geo Reference Information System, American Geological Institute; 1990-1996), HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank, U.S. National Library of Medicine; 1996), IRPTC (International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals, Geneva; April 1996), Life Sciences (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; 1990-1996), MSDS (Material Safety

Data Sheets, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety; 1996), NATES (National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System, Environment Canada; 1996), Natural Resources Canada Headquarters Library (1996), Northern Info Network (1996), NPRI (National Pollutant Release Inventory, Environment Canada; 1990-1996), NTIS (National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce; 1995), Pesticide Registrant Survey (Environment Canada and Agriculture Canada; 1996), Pollution Abstracts (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, U.S. National Library of Medicine; 1990-1996), POLTOX (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, U.S. National Library of Medicine; 1990 - September 1998), RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; 1996), Toxline (U.S. National Library of Medicine; 1990-1996), TRI93 (Toxic Chemicals Release Inventory, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1993), U.S. EPA - AQUIRE (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; May 1995), U.S. EPA -ASTER (Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1994), U.S. EPA - ECOTOX (Ecotoxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; May 1995), U.S. EPA - National Catalog (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1996) and WASTEINFO (Waste Management Information Bureau, American Energy Agency; 1973-1995). Reveal Alert was used to maintain an ongoing record of the current scientific literature pertaining to the potential environmental effects of chloramines. Data obtained from the open literature after January 1999 were not considered in this assessment unless they were critical data received during the 60-day public review of the report (July 8 to September 6, 2000).

Surveys of municipal water treatment facilities and distribution systems and municipal wastewater treatment facilities were administered to all Canadian municipalities with populations ≥ 5000 to determine users, releases, environmental concentrations, effects or other data that were available to them for chloramines (Environment Canada, 1997b,c). In addition, a survey of Canadian industry was carried out under the authority of Section 16 of CEPA (Environment Canada, 1997d). Targeted companies with commercial activities involving more than 1000 kg of chloramine were required to provide information on users, releases, environmental concentrations, effects or other data that were available to them for chloramines.