Santé Canada
Symbole du gouvernement du Canada

Liens de la barre de menu commune

Santé de l'environnement et du milieu de travail

Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire - Rapport d'évaluation pour N,N-Diméthylformamide

4.0 Bibliographie

Adams, W.J. et B.B. Heidolph. 1985. Short-cut chronic toxicity estimates using Daphnia magna. In : R.D. Cardwell, R. Purdy et R.C. Bahner (éds), Aquatic toxicity and hazard assessment: seventh symposium, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (Penn.), Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 854: 87-103.

Agrelo, C. et H. Amos. 1981. DNA repair in human fibroblasts. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 528-532.

Amster, M.B., N. Hijazi et R. Chan. 1983. Real time monitoring of low level air contaminants from hazardous waste sites. In : National Conference on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites, du 31 octobre au 2 novembre 1983, Washington (D.C.), Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute/Consultants, p. 98-99.

Angerer, J., T. Göen, A. Krämer et H.U. Käfferlein. 1998. N-Methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine of globin in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide, Arch. Toxicol. 72: 309-313.

Anonyme. 1981. Hazardous materials section (dimethyl formamide). In : N.I. Sax (rédacteur en chef), Dangerous properties of industrial materials report, vol. 1, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (N.Y.), p. 17-87.

Antoine, J.L., J. Arany, A. Léonard, J. Henrotte, G. Jenar-Dubuisson et G. Decat. 1983. Lack of mutagenic activity of dimethylformamide. Toxicology 26: 207-212.

Arena, N., G. Santacruz, E.F. Alia, M. Baldus, T. Corgiolu et E.E. Alia. 1982. [Structural and ultrastructural changes to the myocardium in rabbits exposed to dimethylformamide vapour.] Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 58: 1496-1501 (en italien).

ARLA (Agence de réglementation de la luttte antiparasitaire). 1999. New label recommendations, Vitavax single solution systemic fungicide seed protectant for wheat, barley, oats, rye et flax. Product contains 40 % dimethylformamide. Registration No. 14069 PCPA, Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).

Atkinson, R. 1988. Estimation of gas-phase hydroxyl radical rate constants for organic chemicals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7: 435-442.

Atkinson, R. 1999. Communication personnelle. Note technique transmise à A. Bobra, AMBEC Environmental Consultant, le 23 juillet 1999. Constante de la vitesse de réaction (kOH) du DMF, University of California at Riverside (California).

Baker, R.S.U. et A.M. Bonin. 1981. Study of 42 coded compounds with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 249-260.

Banfield, A.W.F. 1974. The mammals of Canada, University of Toronto Press, Toronto (Ontario).

BASF. 1984. 13-week oral toxicity (feeding) study with dimethylformamide (DMF) in beagle dogs with cover sheet dated 061289, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.), (TSCA Submission EPA Document No. 86-890000633).

Batchelder, T.L. 1976. Evaluation of dimethylformamide in the aquatic environment (rapport final) (épuré), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.), (EPA #86-890001140S).

Beauchamp, R. 1998. Communication personnelle. Note technique concernant Chemcan et le DMF transmise à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, par le Bureau des dangers des produits chimiques, Santé Canada.

Becci, P.J., K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo et J.G. Babish. 1983. Subchronic feeding study of N,N-dimethylformamide in rats and mice, J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 2: 371-378.

Begert, A. 1974. Biological purification of dimethylformamide-containing industrial sewage, Vom Wasser 43: 403-432.

Berger, H., I. Haber, G. Wünscher et G. Bittersohl. 1985. [Études épidémiologiques de l'exposition au diméthylformamide.] Z. Gesamte Hyg. Ihre Grenzgeb. 31: 366-368 (en allemand) [cité dans IARC, 1999].

BIBRA International. 1999. N,N-Dimethylformamide. Rapport d'une recherche souss contrat préparé pour Santé Canada, Surrey (R.-U.) (Contrat no H4045-8-CH50/001/SS).

Bobra, A. 1999. Collection de notes et de résultats de modélisation soumis par A. Bobra, AMBEC Environmental Consultant. Sous contrat avec la Division de l'évaluation chimique, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux, Environnement Canada.

Bolton, K. 1998. Communication personnelle. Lettre de K. Bolton, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ontario), à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, 8 juin 1998. Révision par les pairs du rapport d'évaluation du DMF et documentation à l'appui.

Brooks, T.M. et B.J. Dean. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella/microsome assay with preincubation. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 261-270.

BUA (GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance). 1994. N,N-Dimethylformamide. BUA Report No. 84 (décembre 1991), société allemande des produits chimiques, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart (Allemagne).

Bunce, N. 1996. Atmospheric properties of substances on the Priority Substances List # 2 (PSL 2) (Propriétés atmosphériques des substances figurant sur la liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire no 2 (LSIP2)). Rapport présenté à Environnement Canada. University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario).

Bunce, N.J. 1997. Communication personnelle. Notes de N. Bunce, University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario) à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, 23 janvier 1997. Calculs du potentiel de création d'ozone.

Bunce, N.J. 1998a. Communication personnelle. Notes de N. Bunce, University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario) à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, 1er juin 1998. Examen par le groupe ressource d'Environnement Canada du rapport d'évaluation du DMF et documentation d'appui.

Bunce, N.J. 1998b. Communication personnelle. Note technique de N. Bunce, University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario) à B. Scott, Environnement Canada, 10 février 1998. Devenir du DMF dans l'atmosphère.

Bunce, N.J. 1999. Communication personnelle. Note technique de N. Bunce, University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario) à A. Bobra, AMBEC Environmental Consultant, 27 juillet 1999. Constante de la vitesse de réaction (kOH) du DMF.

Bureau européen des substances chimiques. 1996a. Trimethylamine. IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database).

Bureau européen des substances chimiques. 1996b. Dimethylamine. IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database).

Burt, W.H. et R.P. Grossenheider. 1976. A field guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, 3e éd., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston (Mass.).

Cai, S.X. et M.Y. Huang. 1979. [Investigation on occupational hazard in a butadiene monomer workshop of a cis-butadiene rubber plant], J. Hyg. Res. 8(1): 22-49 (en chinois) [cité dans OMS, 1991].

Cai, S.-X., M.-Y. Huang, L.-Q. Xi, Y.-L. Li, J.-B. Qu, T. Kawai, T. Yasugi, K. Mizunuma, T. Watanabe et M. Ikeda. 1992. Occupational dimethylformamide exposure, 3. Health effects of dimethylformamide after occupational exposure at low concentrations, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 63: 461-468.

Call, D.J., L.T. Brooke, N. Ahmad et J.E. Richter. 1983. Toxicity and metabolism studies with EPA priority pollutants and related chemicals in freshwater organisms. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth (Minn.) (EPA-600/3-83-095).

Calvert, G.M., J.M. Fajen, B.W. Hills et W.E. Halperin. 1990. Testicular cancer, dimethylformamide, and leather tanneries, Lancet 336: 1253-1254.

CCOHS (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety/Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail). 1997a. Dimethylformamide, base de données d'INFOCHIM, dossier no 55, numéro 97-3, Hamilton (Ontario).

CCOHS (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety/Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail). 1997b. Dimethylformamide, base de données du système MSDS, dossier no 1346796, numéro 97-3. Hamilton (Ontario).

Carter, J.L. et D.A. Young. 1983. Biodegradation of chemical plant wastewater containing dimethylformamide. In : Actes de la 38e Conférence sur les déchets industriels, 10-12 mai 1983, Butterworth Publishers, Boston (Mass.), p. 481-486.

Catenacci, G., D. Grampella, R. Terzi, A. Sala et G. Pollini. 1984. Hepatic function in subjects exposed to environmental concentrations of DMF lower than the actually proposed TLV, G. Ital. Med. Lav. 6: 157-158.

Chary, S. 1974. Dimethylformamide: a cause of acute pancreatitis?, Lancet ii: 356.

Chen, J.L., W.E. Fayerweather et S. Pell. 1988a. Cancer incidence of workers exposed to dimethylformamide and/or acrylonitrile, J. Occup. Med. 30: 813-818.

Chen, J.L., W.E. Fayerweather et S. Pell. 1988b. Mortality study of workers exposed to dimethylformamide and/or acrylonitrile, J. Occup. Med. 30: 819-821.

Cheng, T., S. Hwang, H. Kuo, J. Luo et M. Chang. 1999. Exposure to epichlorohydrin and dimethylformamide, glutathione S-transferases and sister chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes, Arch. Toxicol. 73(4/5): 282-287.

Chivers, C.P. 1978. Disulfiram effect from inhalation of dimethylformamide, Lancet i: 331.

Chowhan, P. 1999. Communication personnelle. Note de service de P. Chowhan, Bureau de la sécurité des produits, Santé Canada, à G. Long, Section des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, Santé Canada.

Chromek, J., J. Kupec, M. Mladek et P. Marvan. 1983. A study of respiration of the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda in batch conditions under influence of N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylamine, Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 63: 441-460.

CIRC (Centre international de recherche sur le cancer). 1999. Dimethylformamide, IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71: 545-574.

Cirla, A.M., G. Pisati, E. Invernizzi et P. Torricelli. 1984. Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethylformamide concentrations, G. Ital. Med. Lav. 6: 149-156.

Clay, P.F. et T.M. Spittler. 1983. Determination of airborne volatile nitrogen compounds using four independent techniques. In : National Conference on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites, 31 octobre - 2 novembre 1983, Washington (D.C.), Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute/Consultants, p. 100-104.

Clayton, J.W., J.R. Barnes, D.B. Hood et G.W.H. Schepers. 1963. The inhalation toxicity of dimethylformamide, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 24: 144-154.

Commission consultative d'experts auprès des ministres. 1995. Rapport de la Commission consultative sur la deuxième liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire dans le cadre de la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement, Gouvernement du Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), 26 p.

Conor Pacific Environmental. 1998. A report on multimedia exposures to selected PSL2 substances. Préparé par Conor Pacific Environmental (anciennement Bovar Environmental) et Maxxam Analytics Inc. pour Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario) (projet no 741-6705; contrat no DSS dossier no 025SS.H4078-6-C574).

Cragin, D.W., S.C. Lewis et R.H. McKee. 1990. A dominant lethal test of dimethyl formamide, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 15 (suppl. 17): 14 (résumé 44).

Craig, D.K., R.J. Weir, W. Wagner et D. Groth. 1984. Subchronic inhalation toxicity of dimethylformamide in rats and mice, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 7: 551-571.

Crump, K. 1995. Calculation of benchmark doses from continuous data, Risk Anal. 15(1): 79-89.

Crump, K.S. et C. Van Landingham. 1996. BENCH_C: A Fortran program to calculate benchmark doses from continuous data, ICF Consulting, Ruston (La.).

Curtis, C., A. Lima, S.J. Lozano et G.D. Veith. 1982. Evaluation of a bacterial bioluminescence bioassay as a method for predicting acute toxicity of organic chemicals to fish. In : J.G. Pearson, R.B. Foster et W.E. Bishop (éds), Aquatic toxicity and hazard assessment: fifth conference, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (Penn.), Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 766: 170-178.

Dann, T. et P. Summers. 1997. Ground-level ozone and its precursors, 1980-1993: report of the Data Analysis Working Group, Canadian 1996 NOx/VOC science assessment, Programme scientifique multilatéral sur les NOx/COV, Conseil canadien des ministres de l'Environment (CCME).

Darnall, K.R., A.C. Lloyd, A.M. Winer et J.N. Pitts. 1976. Reactivity scale for atmospheric hydrocarbons based on reaction with hydroxyl radical, Environ. Sci. Technol. 10(7): 692-696.

Davis, C.S. 1997. Air dispersion modellisng of phenol, final report. Rapport préparé par Bovar Environmental pour le compte de la Division de l'évaluation chimique, Environnement Canada, septembre 1997 (projet BE 74171-13).

DMER (Don Mackay Environmental Research) et AEL (Angus Environmental Limited). 1996. Pathways analysis using fugacity modelling of N,N-dimethylformamide for the second Priority Substances List. Rapport préparé pour le compte de la Division de l'évaluation chimique, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux, Environnement Canada, par DMER, Peterborough (Onario), et AEL, Don Mills (Ontario).

Dojlido, J.R. 1979. Investigations of biodegradability and toxicity of organic compounds, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.), (EPA-600/2-79-163).

Drouet D'Aubigny, F., Y. Roquelaure, L. Bertrand, M. Caillon et P. Calès. 1998. [Hepatitis attributable to dimethylformamide with re-exposure], Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 22: 745-746 (en français).

Druckrey, H., R. Preussmann, S. Ivankovic et D. Schmähl. 1967. [Effets cancérigènes organotropes de 65 composés N-nitroso différents sur des rats BD.], Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201 (en allemand).

Ducatman, A.M., D.E. Conwill et J. Crawl. 1986. Germ cell tumors of the testicle among aircraft repairmen, J. Urol. 136: 834-836.

EAJ (Environment Agency Japan/Agence environnementale du Japon). 1985. Chemicals in the environment - Report on environmental survey and wildlife monitoring of chemicals in F.Y., 1982 and 1983, mars 1985, Bureau des études sur la santé, Département de l'hygiène du milieu, Tokyo (Japon), p. 50.

EAJ (Environment Agency Japan/Agence environnementale du Japon). 1996. Chemicals in the environment - Report on environmental survey et wildlife monitoring of chemicals in F.Y., 1994, mai 1996, Division de la sécurité et de l'hygiène du milieu, Tokyo (Japon), p. 119.

Eberling, C.L. 1980. Dimethylformamide. In : R.E. Kirk, D.F. Othmer, M. Grayson et D.V. Eckroth (éds), Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, 3e éd., vol. 11, John Wiley & Sons, New York (N.Y.), p. 263-268.

El Jay, A. 1996. Toxic effects of organic solvents on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 57: 191-198.

Elovaara, E., M. Marselos et H. Vainio. 1983. N,N-Dimethylformamide-induced effects on hepatic and renal xenobiotic enzymes with emphasis on aldehyde metabolism in the rat, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 53: 159-165.

Environnement Canada. 1997a. Évaluations environnementales des substances d'intérêt prioritaire conformément à la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement : Guide, version 1.0, mars 1997, Division de l'évaluation chimique, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux, Hull (Québec) (EPS/2/CC/3F).

Environnement Canada. 1997b. Top 100 dangerous goods commodities involved in accidents 1980-1994. Emergencies Branch, Hull (Québec).

Environnement Canada. 1997c. Avis concernant la deuxième liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire et le phthalate de di(2-éthylhexyl), Gazette du Canada, Partie I, 15 février 1997, p. 366-368.

Environnement Canada. 1998. PSL2 technical report for N,N-dimethylformamide (1995-1996 data). Préparé par H. Atkinson, Section des méthodes d'utilisation, Division du contrôle des produits chimiques, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux (inédit et protégé).

Environnement Canada. 1999. PSL2 additional information on use pattern of DMF obtained from industry in 1999. Préparé par C. Whitall, Division de l'évaluation des produits chimiques, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux (inédit et protégé).

Environnement Canada. 2000. Canadian Environmental Protection Act - Priority Substances List - Supporting document for the environmental assessment of N,N-dimethylformamide, Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux, Hull (Québec).

Environment Canada et Santé Canada. 2000. Publication concernant l'évaluation d'une substance - N,N-Diméthylformamide -inscrite sur la Liste prioritaire (paragraphe 77(1) de la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999)), Gazette du Canada, partie I, le 3 juin, 2000. p. 1712-1714.

Evans, E.L. et A.D. Mitchell. 1981. Effects of 20 coded chemicals on sister chromatid exchange frequencies in cultured Chinese hamster cells. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds),

Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 538-550.

Ewing, B.B., E.S.K. Chian, J.C. Cook, F.B. DeWalle, C.A. Evans, P.K. Hopke, J.H. Kim, J.C. Means, R. Milberg, E.G. Perkins, J.D. Sherwood et W.H. Wadlin. 1977. Monitoring to detect previously unrecognized pollutants in surface waters, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.), (EPA 560/6-77-015A).

Fail, P.A., J.D. George, T.B. Grizzle et J.J. Heindel. 1998. Formamide and dimethylformamide: reproductive assessment by continuous breeding in mice, Reprod. Toxicol. 12: 317-332.

Falck, K., P. Partanen, M. Sorsa, O. Suovaniemi et H. Vainio. 1985. Mutascreen, an automated bacterial mutagenicity assay, Mutat. Res. 150: 119-125.

Farhi, M., M. Morel et A. Cavigneaux. 1968. Dimethylformamide HCON(CH3)2, Cah. Notes Doc. 50: 91-93.

Fersht, A.R. et Y. Requena. 1971. Free energies of hydrolysis of amides and peptides in aqueous solution at 25 degrees Celsius, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93: 3499-3504.

Figge, K., A.M. Dommrose, W. Rabel et W. Zerhau. 1987. Sammel- und Analysensystem zur Bestimmung organischer Spurenstoffe in der Atmosphäre, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 327: 279-292.

Finlayson-Pitts, B.J. et J.N. Pitts, Jr. 1986. Atmospheric chemistry: fundamentals and experimental techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York (N.Y.).

Fiorito, A., F. Larese, S. Molinari et T. Zanin. 1997. Liver function alterations in synthetic leather workers exposed to dimethylformamide, Am. J. Ind. Med. 32: 255-260.

Fleming, L.E., S.L. Shalat et C.A. Redlich. 1990. Liver injury in workers exposed to dimethylformamide, Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 16: 289-292.

Forsyth, A. 1985. Mammals of the Canadian wild, Camden House Publishing Ltd., Camden East (Ontario).

Frost, A.A. et R.G. Pearson. 1962. Kinetics and mechanism, John Wiley & Sons, New York (N.Y.).

Frumin, E., M. Brathwaite, W. Towne, S.M. Levin, D.B. Baker, S.V. Monaghan, P.J. Landrigan, E.G. Marshal et J.M. Melius. 1989. Testicular cancer in leather workers -Fulton County, New York, Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 38: 105-114.

Fujishiro, K., K. Imazu, Y. Makita et N. Inoue. 1996. Alterations of hepatic drug metabolising system due to dimethylformamide (DMF), Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 87(7): 162-168.

Garner, R.C., A. Welch et C. Pickering. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella/microsome assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 280-284.

Gatehouse, D. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the "microtiter" fluctuation test. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 376-386.

Gescher, A. 1990. N,N-Dimethylformamide. In : D.R. Buhler et D.J. Reed (éds), Ethel Browning's toxicity and metabolism of industrial solvents, vol. 2, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), p. 149-159.

Gescher, A. 1993. Metabolism of N,N-dimethylformamide: key to the understanding of its toxicity, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 6: 245-251.

Gouvernement du Canada. 1992. Loi sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, Rapport d'évaluation no 4, Toluene, Environnement Canada et Santé et Bien-être Canada, 26 p.

Grasselli, J.G. (éd.). 1973. Atlas of spectral data and physical constants for organic compounds, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland (Ohio), 539 p.

Green, N.R. et J.R. Savage. 1978. Screening of safrole, eugenol, their ninhydrin positive metabolites and selected secondary amines for potential mutagenicity, Mutat. Res. 57(2): 115-121.

Groth, G., K. Kronauer et K.J. Freundt. 1994. Effects of N,N-dimethylformamide and its degradation products in zebrafish embryos, Toxicol. In Vitro 8: 401-406.

Guirguis, S. 1981. Dimethylformamide intoxication in acrylic fiber production, G. Ital. Med. Lav. 3: 137-140.

Haber, I., H. Heberer, G. Schneider et W. Leuschke. 1990. [Examens cytogénétiques réalisés sur des travailleurs exposés d'une fabriques de fibres acryliques.] Wiss. Umwelt 4: 183-190 (en allemand).

Hamm, A. 1972. Schlammbekastung und Schlammabbauleistung beim Abbau industrieller Abwässer und einzelner Abwasserstoffe in Labor-Belebtschlammanlagen, Muenchner Beitr. Abwasser-, Fisch.- Flußbiol. 22: 79-91.

Hansch, C., A. Leo et D. Hoekman. 1995. Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, electronic, and steric constants, ACS Professional Reference Book, American Chemical Society, Washington (D.C.), p. 6.

Hansen, E. et O. Meyer. 1990. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity study in rats dosed epicutaneously with dimethylformamide (DMF), J. Appl. Toxicol. 10: 333-338.

Harwood, M. 1997a. Note de service de M. Harwood (Environnement Canada) à A. Chevrier (Environnement Canada). Résultat des essais de toxicité Microtox™ et avec Selenastrum capricornutum sur le N,N-diméthylformamide, 5 décembre 1997.

Harwood, M. 1997b. Note de service de M. Harwood (Environnement Canada) à A. Chevrier (Environnement Canada). Résultat des essais de toxicité Microtox™ avec le N,N-diméthylformamide, 2 décembre 1997.

Harwood, M. 1997c. Note de service de M. Harwood (Environnement Canada) à A. Chevrier (Environnement Canada). Résultat des essais de toxicité Microtox™ et avec Selenastrum capricornutum sur le N,N-diméthylformamide, 20 août 1997.

Haskell Laboratory. 1960. Ninety-day feeding study with dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.) (TSCA Submission, Document Identification No. 869600002325; Microfiche No. NTIS/OTS0572893).

Hastie, D.R. 1998. Communication personnelle. Lettre concernant l'examen de l'ébauche du rapport d'évaluation et de la documentation d'appui sur le DMF, transmise à P. Doyle, Environnement Canada. York University, Toronto (Ontario).

Hayon, E., T. Ibata, N.N. Lichtin et M. Simic. 1970. Sites of attack of hydroxyl radicals on amides in aqueous solution, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92: 3898-3903.

Hellwig, J., J. Merkle, H.J. Klimisch et R. Jäckh. 1991. Studies on the prenatal toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in mice, rats and rabbits, Food Chem. Toxicol. 29: 193-201.

Herrold, K.M. 1969. Aflatoxin induced lesions in Syrian hamsters, Br. J. Cancer 23: 655-660.

Howard, P.H. (éd.). 1993. Handbook of environmental fate and exposure data for organic chemicals, vol. 4, Solvents 2, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton (Fla.).

Howe, R.B. 1995. THRESH: A computer program to compute a reference dose from quantal animal toxicity data using the benchmark dose method, ICF Kaiser Engineers, Inc., Ruston (La.).

Huang, J., H. Kuo, C. Ho, T. Chen et W. Chang. 1998. Dimethylformamide-induced occupational liver injury - a case report, Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci. 14: 655-658.

Hubbard, S.A., M.H.L. Green, B.A. Bridges, A.J. Wain et J.W. Bridges. 1981. Fluctuation test with S9 and hepatocyte activation. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 361-370.

Hundley, S.G., P.H. Lieder, R. Valentine, L.A. Malley et G.L. Kennedy, Jr. 1993a. Dimethylformamide pharmacokinetics following inhalation exposures to rats and mice, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 16: 21-52.

Hundley, S.G., K.T. McCooey, P.H. Lieder, M.E. Hurtt et G.L. Kennedy, Jr. 1993b. Dimethylformamide pharmacokinetics following inhalation exposures in monkeys, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 16: 53-79.

Hurtt, M.E., K.T. McCooey, M.E. Placke et G.L. Kennedy. 1991. Ten-day repeated-exposure inhalation study of dimethylformamide (DMF) in cynomolgus monkeys, Toxicol. Lett. 59: 229-237.

Hurtt, M.E., M.E. Placke, J.M. Killinger, A.W. Singer et G.L. Kennedy, Jr. 1992. 13-week inhalation toxicity study of dimethyl-formamide (DMF) in cynomolgus monkeys, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 18: 596-601.

Ichinotsubo, D., H. Mower et M. Mandel. 1981. Mutagen testing of a series of paired compounds with the Ames Salmonella testing system. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 298-301.

Imazu, K., K. Fujishiro et N. Inoue. 1992. Effects of dimethylformamide on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system and glutathione metabolism in rats, Toxicology 72: 41-50.

Imazu, K., K. Fujishiro et N. Inoue. 1994. Liver injury and alterations of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system due to dimethylformamide (DMF) in rats, Fukuoka Acta Med. 85(5): 147-153.

INRP (Inventaire national des rejets de polluants). 1996. Rapport sommaire de 1996, Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement, Environnement Canada, ministère des Approvisionnements et Services, Ottawa (Ontario) (Catalogue No EN40-495/1-1996E).

Ito, N. 1982. Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by chemical carcinogens in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes, Mie Med. J. 32(1): 53-60.

Johnson, W.W. et M.T. Finley. 1980. Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington (D.C.), 83 p. (Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 137).

Jotz, M.M. et A.D. Mitchell. 1981. Effects of 20 coded chemicals on the forward mutation frequency at the thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 580-593.

Kaiser, K.L.E. et V.S. Palabrica. 1991. Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity data index, Water Pollut. Res. J. Can. 26(3): 361-431.

Kang-De, C. et Z. Hui-Lan. 1981. Observation on the effects of dimethylformamide on human health. In : Abstracts of the 9th International Congress on Occupational Health in the Chemical Industry, Assouan (Égypte), 15-17 septembre 1981, p. 22-23 [cité dans OMS, 1991].

Kelly, T.J., M. Ramamurthi, A.J. Pollack, C.W. Spicer et L.T. Culpitt. 1993. lang="en" xml:lang="en" Ambient concentration summaries for Clean Air Act Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.) (Contract No. 68-D80082).

Kelly, T.J., R. Mukund, C.W. Spicer et A.J. Pollack. 1994. Concentrations and transformations of hazardous air pollutants. What we know et don't know about the CAAA's 189 hazardous air pollutants, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28(8): 378A-387A.

Kennedy, G.L., Jr. 1986. Biological effects of acetamide, formamide, and their monomethyl and dimethyl derivatives, CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 17: 129-182.

Kennedy, G.L., Jr. et H. Sherman. 1986. Acute and subchronic toxicity of dimethyl-formamide and dimethylacetamide following various routes of administration, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 9: 147-170.

Kimber, I. et C. Weisenberger. 1989. A murine local lymph node assay for the identification of contact allergens. Assay development and results of an initial validation study, Arch. Toxicol. 63: 274-282.

Kirkhart, B. 1981. Micronucleus test on 21 compounds. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 698-704.

Klaunig, J.E., P.J. Goldblatt, D.E. Hinton, M.M. Lipsky et B.F. Trump. 1984. Carcinogen induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse hepatocytes, Toxicol. Pathol. 12(2): 119-125.

Kommineni, C. 1973. Pathological studies of aflatoxin fractions and dimethylformamide in MRC rats. Dissertation, University of Nebraska, Omaha (Neb.), décembre 1972 [cité dans OMS, 1991].

Koudela, K. et K. Spazier. 1979. [Effect of dimethylformamide on human peripheral lymphocytes], Cesk. Hyg. 24: 432-436 (en tchèque, avec résumé anglais).

Koudela, K. et K. Spazier. 1981. [Résultats des examens cytogénétiques de personnes exposés à des concentrations atmosphériques croissantes de vapeurs de diméthylforma-mide.], Prac. Lék. 33: 121-123 (en tchèque) [cité dans IARC, 1999].

Laity, J.L., I.G. Burstain et B.R. Appel. 1973. Photochemical smog and the atmospheric reactions of solvents. In : R.W. Tess (éd.), Solvents theory and practice, American Chemical Society, Washington (D.C.), p. 95-112.

Langlois, S. et A. Broche. 1964. Étude cinétique de l'hydrolyse des amides N,N-disubstitués I. -dimethylformamide, mémoires présentés à la Société Chimique, no 148, p. 812-816.

Lauwerys, R.R., A. Kivits, M. Lhoir, P. Rigolet, D. Houbeau, J.P. Buchet et H.A. Roels. 1980. Biological surveillance of workers exposed to dimethylformamide and the influence of skin protection on its percutaneous absorption, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 45: 189-203.

Leblanc, G.A. et D.C. Surprenant. 1983. The acute and chronic toxicity of acetone, dimethyl formamide and triethylene glycol to Daphnia magna (Straus), Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12: 305-310.

Lei, S. 1998. Communication personnelle. Lettre de S. Lei, Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire, à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, 11 juin 1998. Examen de la documentation portant sur le DMF.

Lesage, S. 1997. Communication personnelle. Note technique de S. Lesage, Centre canadien des eaux intérieures, Environnement Canada, à B. Elliott, Environnement Canada, 26 novembre 1997. Le devenir du DMF dans l'eau souterraine.

Lesage, S. 1998. Communication personnelle. Notes de S. Lesage, Centre canadien des eaux intérieures, Environnement Canada, à A. Chevrier, Environnement Canada, 10 juin 1998. Examen du rapport d'évaluation préparé en vertu de la LCPE et portant sur la toxicité du N,N-diméthylformamide.

Levin, S.M., D.B. Baker, P.J. Landrigan, S.V. Monaghan, E. Frumin, M. Braithwaite et W. Towne. 1987. Testicular cancer in leather tanners exposed to dimethylformamide, Lancet ii: 1153.

Lewis, S.C., W.E. Rinehart, R.E. Schroeder et J.W. Thackara. 1979. Dominant lethal mutagenic bioassay of dimethyl formamide (DMF), Environ. Mutagen. 1: 166 (Abstract Ea-7).

Lewis, S.C., R.E. Schroeder et G.L. Kennedy, Jr. 1992. Developmental toxicity of dimethylformamide in the rat following inhalation exposure, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 15: 1-14.

Llewellyn, G.C., W.S. Hastings et T.D. Kimbrough. 1974. The effects of dimethylformamide on female Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 11: 467-473.

Lyle, W.H. 1979. Alcohol interaction with a workplace chemical, Occup. Health 5: 265-267.

Lyle, W.H., T.W.M. Spence, W.M. McKinneley et K. Duckers. 1979. Dimethylformamide and alcohol intolerance, Br. J. Ind. Med. 36: 63-66.

MacDonald, D.J. 1981. Salmonella/microsome tests on 42 coded chemicals. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 285-297.

Mackay, D. 1991. Multimedia environmental models: The fugacity approach, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea (Mich.), 257 p.

Mackay, D. et S. Paterson. 1991. Evaluating the multimedia fate of organic chemicals: A Level III fugacity model, Environ. Sci. Technol. 25: 427.

Major, J., A. Hudák, G. Kiss, M.G. Jakab, J. Szaniszló, N. Náray, I. Nagy et A. Tompa. 1998. Follow-up biological and genotoxicological monitoring of acrylonitrile-and dimethylformamide-exposed viscose rayon plant workers, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31: 301-310.

Malley, L.A., T.W. Slone, Jr., C. Van Pelt, G.S. Elliott, P.E. Ross, J.C. Stadler et G.L. Kennedy, Jr. 1994. Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity of dimethylformamide in rats and mice following inhalation exposure, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23: 268-279.

Marsella, J.A. 1994. Dimethylformamide. In : R.E. Kirk, D.F. Othmer, J.I. Kroschwitz et M. Howe-Grant (éds), Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, 4e éd., vol. 11, John Wiley & Sons, New York (N.Y.), p. 967-976.

Martin, C.N. et A.C. McDermid. 1981. Testing of 42 coded compounds for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA repair synthesis in HeLa cells. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 533-537.

Martire, G., G. Vricella, A.M. Perfumo et F. DeLorenzo. 1981. Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of coded compounds in the Salmonella test. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 271-279.

Massmann, W. 1956. Toxicological investigations on dimethylformamide, Br. J. Ind. Med. 13: 51-54.

Matsushima, T., Y. Takamoto, A. Shirai, M. Sawamura et T. Sugimura. 1981. Reverse mutation test on 42 coded compounds with the E. coli WP2 system. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 387-395.

McGregor, D.F. 1981. Tier II mutagenic screening of 13 NIOSH priority compounds: N,N-Dimethylformamide (Report No. 33; PB83-13390-0) [cité dans Kennedy, 1986].

McGregor, D.B., A. Brown, P. Cattanach, I. Edwards, D. McBride et W.J. Caspary. 1988. Responses of the L5178Y tk+/tk-mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay II: 18 coded chemicals, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 11: 91-118.

McQueen, C.A., D.M. Kreiser et G.M. Williams. 1983. The hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay using mouse or hamster hepatocytes, Environ. Mutagen. 5(1): 1-8.

McQueen, C.A., B.M. Way et G.M. Williams. 1988. Genotoxicity of carcinogens in human hepatocytes: application in hazard assessment, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 96: 360-366.

Meek, M.E., R. Newhook, R.G. Liteplo et V.C. Armstrong. 1994. Approach to assessment of risk to human health for Priority Substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, J. Environ. Sci. Health C12(2): 105-134.

MEEO (ministère de l'Environnement et de l'Énergie de l'Ontario). 1996. Communication personnelle. Notes techniques concernant les données de la Direction de la surveillance et du compte rendu environnemental, transmises à J. Sealy, Division des substances environnementales, Santé Canada.

Mitchell, A.D., C.J. Rudd et W.J. Caspary. 1988. Evaluation of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis assay: intralaboratory results for sixty-three coded chemicals tested at SRI International, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 12 (Suppl. 13): 37-101.

Mohn, G.R., S. Vogels-Bouter et J. van der Horst-van der Zon. 1981. Studies on the mutagenic activity of 20 coded compounds in liquid tests using the multipurpose strain Escherichia coli K-12//343/113 and derivatives. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 396-413.

Montelius, J., A. Boman, H. Wahlkvist et J.E. Wahlberg. 1996. The murine local lymph node assay: search for an alternative, more adequate, vehicle than acetone/olive oil (4:1), Contact Dermatitis 34: 428-430.

Montelius, J., H. Wahlkvist, A. Boman et J.E. Wahlberg. 1998. Murine local lymph node assay for predictive testing of allergenicity: two irritants caused significant proliferation, Acta. Derm.-Venereol. 78: 433-437.

Moore, G. 1999. Communication personnelle (note de service). Division de la gestion des demandes d'homologation et de l'information, Agence de réglementation de la lutte antiparasitaire, Santé Canada.

Mortelmans, K., S. Haworth, T. Lawlor, W. Speck, B. Tainer et E. Zeiger. 1986. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals, Environ. Mutagen. 7: 1-119.

Mráz, J. et H. Nohová. 1992a. Percutaneous absorption of N,N-dimethylformamide in humans, Int. Arch. Occup. Health 64: 79-83.

Mráz, J. et H. Nohová. 1992b. Absorption, metabolism et elimination of N,N-dimethylformamide in humans, Int. Arch. Occup. Health 64: 85-92.

Mráz, J., H. Cross, A. Gescher, M.D. Threadgill et J. Flek. 1989. Differences between rodents and humans in the metabolic toxification of N,N-dimethylformamide, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 98: 507-516.

Mráz, J., P. Jheeta, A. Gescher, R. Hyland, K. Thummel et M.D. Threadgill. 1993. Investigation of the mechanistic basis of N,N-dimethylformamide toxicity. Metabolism of N,N-dimethylformamide and its deuterated isotopomers by cytochrome P450 2E1, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 6: 197-207.

Myhr, B.C. et W.J. Caspary. 1988. Evaluation of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay: intralaboratory results for sixty-three coded chemicals tested at Litton Bionetics, Inc., Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 12 (Suppl. 13): 103-194.

Nagao, M. et Y. Takahashi. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella/microsome assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 302-331.

Nakajima, S. 1970. Industrial products and pollution problems, Nippon Kagaku Kogyo 18: 2-3.

Nalecz-Jawecki, G. et J. Sawicki. 1999. Spirotox - a new tool for testing the toxicity of volatile compounds, Chemosphere 38(14): 3211-3218.

Natarajan, A.T. et A.C. van Kesteren-van Leeuwen. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 20 coded compounds in chromosome aberrations/sister chromatid exchanges assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 551-559.

NATES Système national d'analyse des tendances de la lutte antipollution (National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System). 1997. N,N-Dimethylformamide, Direction des urgences environnementales, Environnement Canada, Hull (Québec).

Nicolas, F., P. Rodineau, J.-M. Rouzioux, I. Tack, S. Chabac et D. Meram. 1990. Fulminant hepatic failure in poisoning due to ingestion of T61, a veterinary euthanasia drug, Crit. Care Med. 18: 573-575.

NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1992a. NTP technical report on toxicity studies of N,N-dimethylformamide (CAS No. 68-12-2) administered by inhalation to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park (N.C.), 44 p. (Toxicity Report Series No. 22; NIH Publication No. 93-3345; NTIS Publication No. PB93-131936).

NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1992b. Final report on the reproductive toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (CAS #68-12-2) in CD-1 Swiss mice, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park (N.C.) (NTIS Publication No. PB93-123842).

OMS (Organisation mondiale de la santé). 1991. Diméthylformamide, Programme international sur la sécurité chimique, Genève (Suisse), 124 p. (Critères d'hygiène de l'environnement 114).

Otson, R. et M.E. Meek. 1996. Multimedia exposure for PSL2. Proposition de projet, Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario) (projet no 331312).

Paika, I.J., M.T. Beauchesne, M. Randall, R.R. Schreck et S.A. Latt. 1981. In vivo SCE analysis of 20 coded compounds. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 673-681.

Paoletti, A. et A. Iannaccone. 1982. [Risques d'intoxication des travailleurs d'une fabrique de cuir synthétique.], Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità 18: 567-570 (en italien, avec résumé anglais).

Paoletti, A., G. Fabri et O. Masci. 1982a. [Intolérance à l'alcool due à l'exposition aux solvants : comparaison du diméthylforma-mide et du trichloroéthylène.], Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità 18 (Suppl.): 1099-1100 (en italien).

Paoletti, A., G. Fabri et P.M. Bettolo. 1982b. [Cas inhabituel de douleur abdominale due la l'intoxication au diméthylformamide.], Minerva Med. 73: 3407-3410 (en italien).

Pellizzarri, E.O. 1977. The measurement of carcinogenic vapors in ambient atmosphere, Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, Office of Research et Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park (N.C.) (Contract No. 68-02-1228).

Perry, D.L., C.C. Chuang, G.A. Jungclaus et J.S. Warner. 1979. Identification of organic compounds in industrial effluent discharges, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (D.C.), (EPA 600/4-79-016).

Perry, P.E. et E.J. Thomson. 1981. Evaluation of the sister chromatid exchange method in mammalian cells as a screening system for carcinogens. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 560-569.

Peterson, H.G., N. Ruecker, K. Dennison et M. Moody. 1997. Toxicity testing of the compound N,N-dimethylformamide to phytoplankton (green algae, diatoms, and cyanobacteria) and a vascular plant (duckweed). Ébauche. Saskatchewan Research Council, Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) (R-1640-18-E-97).

Pitts, J.N., Jr., D. Grosjean, K. Van Cauwenberghe, J.P. Schmid et D.R. Fitz. 1978. Photooxidation of aliphatic amines under simulated atmospheric conditions: formation of nitrosamines, nitramines, amides and photochemical oxidant, Environ. Sci. Technol. 12: 946-953.

Poirier, S.H., M.L. Knuth, C.D. Anderson-Bouchou, L.T. Brooke, A.R. Lima et P.J. Shubat. 1986. Comparative toxicity of methanol and N,N-dimethylformamide to freshwater fish and invertebrates, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37: 615-621.

Portmann, J.E. et K.W. Wilson. 1971. The toxicity of 140 substances to the brown shrimp and other marine animals, 2nd edition, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries et Food, North Wales (R.-U.), 12 p. (Shellfish Information Leaflet 22).

Potter, H.P. 1973. Dimethylformamide-induced abdominal pain et liver injury, Arch. Environ. Health 27: 340-341.

Prinn, R., D. Cunnold, R. Rasmussen, P. Simmonds, F. Alyea, A. Crawford, P. Fraser et R. Rosen. 1987. Atmospheric trends in methylchloroform and the global average for the hydroxyl radical, Science 238: 945-950.

Purchase, I.F.H., E. Longstaff, J. Ashby, J.A. Styles, D. Anderson, P.A. Lefevre et R.R. Westwood. 1978. An evaluation of 6 short-term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens, Br. J. Cancer 37: 873-903.

Rajini, P.S., M.K. Krishnakumari et S.K. Majumder. 1989. Cytotoxicity of certain organic solvents and organophosphorus insecticides to the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum, Microbios 59: 157-163.

Ramanathan, V., R.J. Cicerone, H.B. Singh et J.T. Kiehl. 1985. Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change, J. Geophys. Res. 90: 5547-5566.

Redlich, C.A., S.W.S. Beckett, J. Sparer, K.W. Barwick, C.A. Riely, H. Miller, S.L. Sigal, S.L. Shalat et M.R. Cullen. 1988. Liver disease associated with occupational exposure to the solvent dimethylformamide, Ann. Intern. Med. 108: 680-686.

Redlich, C.A., A.B. West, L. Fleming, L.D. True, M.R. Cullen et C.A. Riely. 1990. Clinical and pathological characteristics of hepatotoxicity associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide, Gastroenterology 99: 748-757.

Riachi, G., P. Michel, A. François, P. Ducrotte, G. Laffineur, E. Lerebours et R. Colin. 1993. [Acute hepatic effects of exposure to dimethylformamide. Clinical and histological aspects], Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 17: 611-612 (en français).

Richold, M. et E. Jones. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella/ microsome assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 314-322.

Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger et T.K. Sakano. 1986. Techniques of chemistry, Vol. II. Organic solvents. Properties and methods of purification. 4e éd., John Wiley & Sons, New York (N.Y.), p. 656; 1089-1091.

Robinson, D.E. et A.D. Mitchell. 1981. Unscheduled DNA synthesis response of human fibroblasts, WI-38 cells, to 20 coded chemicals. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 517-527.

Romadina, E.S. 1975. Direct action of microorganisms - one way of increasing the effectiveness of the biological purification of waste waters. In : M. Telitchenko (éd.),

Biologicheskoe. Samoochishchenie i Formirovanie Kachestva Vody Materialy Vsesoyuznogo Simpoziuma po Sanitarnoi, Nauka, Moscou (URSS), p. 110-112.

Rowland, I. et B. Severn. 1981. Mutagenicity of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in the Salmonella/microsome test. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 323-332.

Sabljic, A. 1984. Predictions of the nature and strength of soil sorption of organic pollutants by molecular topology, J. Agric. Food Chem. 32: 243-246.

Saillenfait, A.M., J.P. Payan, D. Beydon, J.P. Fabry, I. Langonne, J.P. Sabate et F. Gallissot. 1997. Assessment of the developmental toxicity, metabolism, and placental transfer of N,N-dimethylformamide administered to pregnant rats, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 39: 33-43.

Salamone, M.F., J.A. Heddle et M. Katz. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 41 compounds in the in vivo micronucleus assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 686-697.

Salminen, J. 1999. Communication personnelle. Note de service de J. Salminen, Bureau d'innocuité des produits chimiques, Direction des aliments, Direction générale de la protection de la santé, Santé Canada, à G. Long, Section des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, Santé Canada.

Santé Canada. 1994. Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Évaluation des risques pour la santé des humains des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, ministère des Approvisionnements et Services, Ottawa (Ontario), 36 p. (ISBN 0-662-22126-5).

Santé Canada. 2000. Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, Documentation justificative pour l'évaluation des risques pour la santé du N,N-diméthylformamide.

Sasaki, S. 1978. The scientific aspects of the chemical substance control law in Japan. Aquatic pollutants: transformation and biological effects, Pergamon Press, Oxford (R.-U.), 298 p.

Savolainen, H. 1981. Dose-dependent effects of peroral dimethylformamide administration on rat brain, Acta Neuropathol. 53: 249-252.

Scott, B. 1998. Fate of N,N-dimethylformamide in the environment. Examen, Institut national de recherche sur les eaux, Environnement Canada, mars 1998.

Sebaugh, J.L., J.D. Wilson, M.W. Tucker et W.J. Adams. 1991. A study of the shape of dose-response curves for acute lethality at low response: A "megadaphnia study", Risk Anal. 11: 633-640.

Seiji, K., O. Inoue, S.-X. Cai, T. Kawai, T. Watanabe et M. Ikeda. 1992. Increase in sister chromatid exchange rates in association with occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 64: 65-67 [cité dans IARC, 1999].

Sheveleva, G.A., E.E. Strekalova et E.M. Chirkova. 1979. A study of the embryotropic, mutagenous and gonadotropic effect of dimethylformamide with exposure by inhalation. In : The toxicology of new industrial chemicals, vol. 15. Medizina, Moscou, URSS, p. 1-4.

Sickles, J.E., R.S. Wright, C.R. Sutcliffe, A.L. Blackard et D.P. Dayton. 1980. Smog chamber studies of the reactivity of volatile organic compounds. Présentation à la 73e réunion annuelle de la Air Pollution Control Association of Ontario, Montréal (Québec), Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park (N.C.) (80-50.1).

Simmon, V.F. et G.F. Shepherd. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella/microsome assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 333-342.

Skopek, T.R., B.M. Andon, D.A. Kaden et W.G. Thilly. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds using 8-azaguanine resistance as a genetic marker in Salmonella typhimurium. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 371-375.

Sram, R.J., K. Landa, N. Hola et I. Roznickova. 1985. The use of the cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes as a method for checking the level of MAC in Czechoslovakia, Mutat. Res. 147: 322 (résumé 87) [cité dans IARC, 1999].

SRC (Syracuse Research Corporation). 1988. Support for chemical nomination and selection process of the National Toxicology Program, executive summary of data, dimethylformamide (68-12-2) - Draft. Chemical Hazard Assessment Division, Syracuse, N.Y.

SRI International. 1994. CEH data summary: Dimethylformamide - North America. In : Chemical Economics Handbook (CEH), SRI International, Menlo Park (Calif.), p. 641.3000 A-G.

Stratton, G.W. 1985. The influence of solvent type on solvent-pesticide interactions in bioassays, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14: 651-658.

Stratton, G.W. 1987. Toxic effects of organic solvents on the growth of blue-green algae, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38: 1012-1019.

Stratton, G.W. et T.M. Smith. 1988. Interaction of organic solvents with the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 40: 736-742.

Stronach, S.M., T. Rudd et J.N. Lester. 1987. Acclimation of anaerobic fluidized beds to two pharmaceutical wastes, Environ. Technol. Lett. 8: 673-687.

Szabo, L.G. 1972. Effect of formamide and dimethyl-formamide on germination, Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21: 428-430.

Taccola, A., G. Catenacci et A. Baruffini. 1981. Cardiotoxicity of dimethylformamide (DMF). Electrocardiographic findings and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter), G. Ital. Med. Lav. 3: 149-151.

Thé, J.L. 1998. Carbon disulfide study. Lakes Environmental Consultants Inc., Waterloo (Ontario).

Thomson, J.A. 1981. Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds in the lambda induction assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 224-235.

Thonke, M. et W. Dittmann. 1966. Dimethylformamide in biological treatment of sewage, Fortschr. Wasserchem. Ihrer Grenzgeb. 4: 277.

Tolot, F., F. Arcadio, J.-P. Lenglet et L. Roche. 1968. [Intoxication au diméthylformamide], Arch. Mal. Prof. Méd. Trav. Sécur. Soc. 29: 714-717 (en français).

Tomasini, M., A. Todaro, M. Piazzoni et G.F. Peruzzo. 1983. [Exposure to dimethyl-formamide: study of 14 cases], Med. Lav. 74: 217-220 (en italien, avec résumé anglais).

Topham, J.C. 1980. Do induced sperm-head abnormalities in mice specifically identify mammalian mutagens rather than carcinogens? Mutat. Res. 74: 379-387.

Topham, J.C. 1981. Evaluation of some chemicals by the sperm morphology assay. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 718-720.

Trueman, R.W. 1981. Activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella reverse mutation test. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 343-350.

Tsuchimoto, T. et B.E. Matter. 1981. Activity of coded compounds in the micronucleus test. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 705-711.

Ursin, C. 1985. Degradation of organic chemicals at trace levels in seawater and marine sediment: the effect of concentration on the initial fractional turnover rate, Chemosphere 14: 1539-1550.

U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1974. Proceedings of the Solvent Reactivity Conference, Research Triangle Park (N.C.), p. 1-34 (EPA-650/3-74-010).

U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1986. Health et environmental effects profile for N,N-dimethylformamide, Cincinnati (Ohio), 115 p. (EPA/600/X-86/141).

U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1999a. Recherche sur le DMF dans STORET; données obtenues auprès de J. Boyd (storet@epamail.epa.gov) le 30 juillet 1999.

U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1999b. Wildlife exposure factors handbook, vol. I, Office of Research et Development (http://www.epa.gov/ncea/wefh.htm).

Venitt, S. et C. Crofton-Sleigh. 1981. Mutagenicity of 42 coded compounds in a bacterial assay using Escherichia coli et Salmonella typhimurium. In : F.J. de Serres et J. Ashby (éds), Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, New York (N.Y.), Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 351-360.

Walrath, J., W.E. Fayerweather, P.G. Gilby et S. Pell. 1989. A case-control study of cancer among Du Pont employees with potential for exposure to dimethylformamide, J. Occup. Med. 31: 432-438.

Walrath, J., W.E. Fayerweather et P. Gilby. 1990. [Case-control study of the incidence of cancers in employees of the Du Pont de Nemours company who have potentially been exposed to dimethylformamide], Cah. Notes Doc. 140: 708-712 (en français).

Wang, J.D., M.Y. Lai, J.S. Chen, J.M. Lin, J.R. Chiang, S.J. Shiau et W.S. Chang. 1989. Dimethylformamide induced liver and muscle damage among synthetic leather workers: are hepatitis B carriers more susceptible? In : Fifth International Congress of Toxicology, Brighton (R.-U.), 16-21 juillet 1989, p. 143 (résumé 428).

Wang, J.-D., M.-Y. Lai, J.-S. Chen, J.-M. Lin, J.-R. Chiang, S.-J. Shiau et W.-S. Chang. 1991. Dimethylformamide-induced liver damage among synthetic leather workers, Arch. Environ. Health 46: 161-166.

Wang, W.C., Y.L. Yung, A.A. Lacis, T. Mo et J.E. Hansen. 1976. Greenhouse effects due to man-made perturbations of trace gases, Science 194: 685-689.

Weiss, G. 1971. [Industrial dimethylformamide intoxication and the question of its recognition as an occupational disease], Zentralbl. Arbeitsmed. 11: 345-346 (en allemand).

Williams, G.M. 1977. Detection of chemical carcinogens by unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver primary cell cultures, Cancer Res. 37: 1845-1851.

Wrbitzky, R. 1999. Liver function in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide during the production of synthetic textiles, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 72(1): 19-25.

Wrbitzky, R. et J. Angerer. 1998. N,N-dimethylformamide - influence of working conditions and skin penetration on the internal exposure of workers in synthetic textile production, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 71(5): 309-316.

Yang, C., J. Ger, S. Lin, G. Yang et J. Deng. 1994. Abdominal colic occurred in workers in a dye manufacturing plant, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 36: 345 (résumé 28).

Ye, G. 1987. [Effets du diméthylformamide sur la fréquence micronoyaux dans les érythrocytes polychromatiques de la souris.], Zool. Res. 8: 27-32 (en chinois). Résumé en anglais disponible en ligne auprès de Biosis Previews.

Yonemoto, J. et S. Suzuki. 1980. Relation of exposure to dimethylformamide vapor and the metabolite, methylformamide, in urine of workers, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 46: 159-165.

Ziegenfuss, P.S., W.J. Renaudette et W.J. Adams. 1986. Methodology for assessing the acute toxicity of chemicals sorbed to sediments: testing the equilibrium partitioning theory. In : T.M. Poston et R. Purdy (éds), Aquatic toxicology and environmental fate, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (Penn.), Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 921: 479-493.