Reducing Work-Life Conflict: What Works? What Doesn't?

Appendix G: Impact of Family Coping Strategies on Work-Life Conflict

a. Gender/Dependent Care Analysis

3 (frequency with which strategy used) by 4 (gender by dependent care status) ANOVA

Use of strategy is defined as:
1 = disagree that they use the strategy (i.e. M)
2 = use the strategy sometimes (i.e. W)
3 = agree that they use the strategy (i.e. D)

Gender and dependent care status is defined as:
1 = Male - No Dependent Care
2 = Male - Dependent Care
3 = Female - No Dependent Care
4 = Female - Dependent Care

Results of the Omnibus Test

	R2	Main Effect: Coping Strategy	Main Effect: Gender and Dependent Care	Interaction
Get by on less sleep than I would like
Overload	.161	F = 366.2, α = .000	F = 65.2, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .07
Work to Family	.121	F = 18.1, α = .000	F = 9.6, α = .000	F = 1.6, α = .16
Family to Work	.047	F = 79.1, α = .000	F = 27.7, α = .000	F = 1.1, α = .35
Caregiver Strain	.049	F = 18.8, α = .000	F = 85.3, α = .000	F = .06, α = .75
Leave things undone around the house
Overload	.111	F = 266.4, α = .000	F = 29.5, α = .000	F = 3.2, α = .004
Work to Family	.072	F = 188.1, α = .000	F = 4.6, α = .000	F = 2.5, α = .02
Family to Work	.028	F = 40.7, α = .000	F = 17.0, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .43
Caregiver Strain	.044	F = 13.2, α = .000	F = 46.2, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .75
Get the children to help with household chores
Overload	.042	F = 9.5, α = .000	F = 54.9, α = .000	F = 4.7, α = .000
Work to Family	.007	F = 7.1, α = .001	F = 4.3, α = .005	F = 1.8, α = .06
Family to Work	.013	F = 2.1, α = .007	F = 17.0, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .50
Caregiver Strain	.030	F = 3.4, α = .03	F = 45.1, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .06
Plan family time together
Overload	.034	F = 0.9, α = .44	F = 62.1, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Work to Family	.006	F = 1.2, α = .30	F = 6.3, α = .000	F = 1.5, α = .18
Family to Work	.012	F = 0.8, α = .43	F = 21.6, α = .000	F = 0.5, α = .78
Caregiver Strain	.038	F = 0.6, α = .56	F = 63.5, α = .000	F = 0.6 α = .75
Hire help to care for elderly relatives
Overload	.041	F =1.0, α = .31	F = 37.3, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .43
Work to Family	.013	F = 5.0, α = .007	F = 4.2, α = .005	F = 2.2, α = .04
Family to Work	.024	F = 12.8, α = .000	F = 8.4, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .29
Caregiver Strain	.072	F = 20.9, α = .000	F = 34.7, α = .000	F = 2.5, α = .02
Hire help to care for the children
Overload	.055	F = 4.2, α = .01	F = 40.3, α = .000	F = 0.7, α = .66
Work to Family	.015	F = 12.5, α = .000	F = 1.4, α = .25	F = 2.1, α = .05
Family to Work	.065	F = 19.9, α = .000	F = 16.1, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .74
Caregiver Strain	.041	F = 1.9, α = .15	F = 31.4, α = .000	F = 1.5, α = .16
Cover household responsibilities for each other
Overload	.048	F = 12.5, α = .000	F = 38.1, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .30
Work to Family	.009	F = 2.0, α = .14	F = 7.7, α = .000	F = 1.5, α = .18
Family to Work	.015	F = 0.9, α = .43	F = 11.8, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .49
Caregiver Strain	.041	F = 5.3, α = .005	F = 40.7, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .47
Leave work problems at work
Overload	.110	F = 205.9, α = .000	F = 70.7, α = .000	F = 5.4, α = .000
Work to Family	.163	F = 416.7, α = .000	F = 10.3, α = .000	F = 2.6, α = .01
Family to Work	.018	F = 8.2, α = .000	F = 28.1, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .08
Caregiver Strain	.045	F = 12.6, α = .000	F = 92.2, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .59
Modify work schedule
Overload	.061	F = 49.9, α = .000	F = 73.9, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .290
Work to Family	.040	F = 53.3, α = .000	F = 15.7, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .31
Family to Work	.026	F = 23.9, α = .000	F = 30.2, α = .000	F = 4.1, α = .000
Caregiver Strain	.043	F = 2.1, α = .13	F = 95.6, α = .000	F = 2.0, α = .06
Rely on extended family for help
Overload	.038	F = 5.9, α = .003	F = 47.1, α = .000	F = 2.4, α = .03
Work to Family	.012	F = 7.6, α = .001	F = 6.4, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Family to Work	.023	F = 19.9, α = .000	F = 13.5, α = .000	F = 3.2, α = .004
Caregiver Strain	.044	F = 0.2, α = .79	F = 60.4, α = .000	F = 5.1, α = .000
Rely on friends for help
Overload	.034	F = 1.9, α = .15	F = 51.9, α = .000	F = 2.7, α = .01
Work to Family	.009	F = 4.0, α = .01	F = 10.2, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .11
Family to Work	.022	F = 25.5, α = .000	F = 19.2, α = .000	F = 1.5, α = .17
Caregiver Strain	.045	F = 6.2, α = .002	F = 66.7, α = .000	F = 2.7, α = .01
Plan work changes around the family
Overload	.046	F = 10.6, α = .000	F = 68.8, α = .000	F = 0.4, α = .88
Work to Family	.008	F = 3.7, α = .02	F = 8.5, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .31
Family to Work	.026	F = 27.3, α = .000	F = 25.5, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Caregiver Strain	.042	F = 0.7, α = .50	F = 80.4, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Identify one partner as primarily responsible for household tasks
Overload	.036	F = 9.4, α = .000	F = 65.7, α = .000	F = 0.5, α = .82
Work to Family	.014	F = 16.6, α = .000	F = 9.7, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .45
Family to Work	.020	F = 8.2, α = .000	F = 24.6, α = .000	F = 3.4, α = .002
Caregiver Strain	.038	F = 10.2, α = .000	F = 66.6, α = .000	F = 2.9, α = .008
Buy more goods and services
Overload	.066	F = 54.4, α = .000	F = 66.5, α = .000	F = 3.0, α = .007
Work to Family	.033	F = 64.4, α = .000	F = 12.0, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .41
Family to Work	.022	F = 22.0, α = .000	F = 27.7, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .76
Caregiver Strain	.044	F = 3.6, α = .02	F = 94.6, α = .000	F = 1.3, α = .26
Encourage children to help each other
Overload	.036	F = 0.9, α = .41	F = 26.9, α = .000	F = 1.3, α = .26
Work to Family	.005	F = 1.2, α = .31	F = 3.2, α = .02	F = 1.5, α = .17
Family to Work	.013	F = 0.1, α = .95	F = 4.3, α = .005	F = 1.5, α = .16
Caregiver Strain	.030	F = 1.6, α = .27	F = 16.8, α = .000	F = 1.3, α = .25
Try to be flexible
Overload	.003	F = 0.0, α = .99	F = 27.2, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Work to Family	.010	F = 2.9, α = .05	F = 10.4, α = .000	F = 1.6, α = .15
Family to Work	.014	F = 0.3, α = .49	F = 12.4, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .49
Caregiver Strain	.041	F = 0.6, α = .77	F = 25.8, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .77
Cut down on outside activities
Overload	.092	F = 141.2, α = .000	F = 60.9, α = .000	F = 2.3, α = .03
Work to Family	.069	F = 146.7, α = .000	F = 9.8, α = .000	F = 2.4, α = .02
Family to Work	.040	F = 45.1, α = .000	F = 29.9, α = .000	F = 2.0, α = .06
Caregiver Strain	.044	F = 7.7, α = .001	F = 82.1, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .42
Limit job involvement to allow time for family
Overload	.039	F = 16.2, α = .000	F = 66.8, α = .000	F = 1.6, α = .13,
Work to Family	.017	F = 23.0, α = .000	F = 7.3, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .61
Family to Work	.036	F = 50.7, α = .000	F = 22.2, α = .000	F = 1.1, α = .34
Caregiver Strain	.040	F = 0.7, α = .49	F = 89.4, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .45

Details: Significant Main Effects in Table 23

Impact of Use of Coping Strategy on Work-Life Conflict	How Often Use Strategy			Δ
	M	W	D
Get by on less sleep Overload Work to family Family to work Caregiver strain	3.3 2.4 2.1 1.8	3.5 2.8 2.3 1.9	4.1 3.3 2.5 2.1	.8 1.0 .5 .3
Leave things undone around the house Work to family Caregiver strain	2.5 1.8	2.4 1.7	3.1 2.0	** **
Hire help to care for elderly dependents Caregiver strain	2.1	2.2	2.6	.5
Hire help to care for children Overload Family to work	3.8 2.4	3.6 2.7	3.9 2.9	** .5
Covering household responsibilities for each other Overload Caregiver strain	4.0 2.1	3.7 1.9	3.6 1.8	- .4 - .3
Modify work schedule Overload Work to family	3.9 3.1	3.6 2.8	3.6 2.8	- .3 - .3
Cut down on outside activities Overload Work to family Family to work Caregiver strain	3.4 2.6 2.2 1.8	3.5 2.7 2.3 1.9	3.9 3.2 2.6 2.1	.5 .6 .4 .3

Details: Significant Interaction Terms in Table 23

	Male						Female
	No Dependents			Dependents			No Dependents			Dependents
	M	W	D	M	W	D	M	W	D	M	W	D
Leave things undone Overload	2.9	3.1	3.7	3.1	3.3	3.7	3.0	3.2	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.9
Get children to help Overload	-	-	-	3.6	3.6	3.6	-	-	-	4.0	4.0	3.7
Leave work problems at work Overload Work to family	3.9 3.6	3.4 3.0	3.1 2.4	4.0 3.8	3.6 3.6	3.2 2.6	4.0 3.3	3.7 2.8	3.5 2.5	4.2 3.5	3.9 3.0	3.7 2.7
Rely on extended family Caregiver strain	-	-	-	1.7	1.8	1.9	-	-	-	2.3	2.0	1.9
Rely on friends for help Caregiver strain	-	-	-	1.8	1.9	2.0	-	-	-	2.1	2.0	1.8
Buy goods and services Overload	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.0

b. Gender/Job Type Analysis

3 (frequency with which strategy used) by 4 (gender by job type) ANOVA

Use of strategy is defined as:
1 = disagree that they use the strategy
2 = use strategy sometimes
3 = agree that they use the strategy

Gender and job type status is defined as:
1 = Male Managers/Professionals
2 = Male Other
3 = Female Managers/Professionals
4 = Female Other

Results of the Omnibus Test

	R2	Main Effect: Coping Strategy	Main Effect: Gender and Job Type	Interaction
Get by on less sleep than I would like
Overload	.147	F = 495.6, α = .000	F = 60.3, α = .000	F = 1.5, α = .18
Work to Family	.134	F = 451.1, α = .000	F = 47.5, α = .000	F = 2.2, α = .04
Family to Work	.036	F = 123.4, α = .000	F = 3.1, α = .024	F = 2.7, α = .01
Caregiver Strain	.037	F = 26.9, α = .000	F = 56.3, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .47
Leave things undone around the house
Overload	.110	F = 293.5, α = .000	F = 21.3, α = .000	F = 2.5, α = .02
Work to Family	.189	F = 230.5, α = .000	F = 19.8, α = .000	F = 3.4, α = .003
Family to Work	.018	F = 53.9, α = .000	F = 2.1, α = .09	F = 1.0, α = .44
Caregiver Strain	.032	F = 16.1, α = .000	F = 27.8, α = .000	F = 0.7, α = .64
Get the children to help with household chores
Overload	.043	F = 1.8, α = .17	F = 58.4, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .11
Work to Family	.028	F = 5.3, α = .005	F = 30.0, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .57
Family to Work	.012	F = 3.1, α = .05	F = 12.9, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .12
Caregiver Strain	.024	F = 1.2, α = .31	F = 34.1, α = .000	F = 1.3, α = .25
Plan family time together
Overload	.034	F = 2.2, α = .11	F = 59.9, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .58
Work to Family	.025	F = 3.3, α = .04	F = 34.3, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .51
Family to Work	.007	F = 0.6, α = .55	F = 8.9, α = .000	F = 1.8, α = .09
Caregiver Strain	.030	F = 0.8, α = .45	F = 50.9, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .53
Hire help to care for elderly relatives
Overload	.043	F = 2.7, α = .06	F = 38.8, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .000
Work to Family	.021	F = 10.7, α = .000	F = 25.2, α = .000	F = 2.1, α = .05
Family to Work	.031	F = 22.6, α = .000	F = 4.2, α = .005	F = 2.0, α = .06
Caregiver Strain	.074	F = 39.4, α = .000	F = 38.8, α = .000	F = 3.1, α = .007
Hire help to care for children
Overload	.058	F = 14.4, α = .01	F = 43.0, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .60
Work to Family	.027	F = 19.5, α = .000	F = 14.2, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .80
Family to Work	.056	F = 47.4, α = .000	F = 14.3, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .56
Caregiver Strain	.033	F = 11.6, α = .01	F = 22.3, α = .000	F = 2.1, α = .09
Cover household responsibilities for each other
Overload	.042	F = 18.8, α = .000	F = 44.6, α = .000	F = 1.1, α = .32
Work to Family	.033	F = 11.1, α = .000	F = 43.3, α = .000	F = 1.8, α = .20
Family to Work	.006	F = 47.4, α = .09	F = 3.3, α = .02	F = 1.9, α = .06
Caregiver Strain	.029	F = 4.3, α = .02	F = 29.8, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .17
Leave work problems at work
Overload	.110	F = 18.8, α = .000	F = 58.8, α = .000	F = 2.8, α = .01
Work to Family	.171	F = 550.7, α = .000	F = 31.2, α = .000	F = 2.8, α = .05
Family to Work	.007	F = 2.3, α = .000	F = 4.3, α = .005	F = 2.6, α = .06
Caregiver Strain	.033	F = 3.8, α = .000	F = 62.1, α = .000	F = 1.1, α = .38
Modify work schedule
Overload	.053	F = 282.5, α = .000	F = 69.0, α = .000	F = 2.7, α = .01
Work to Family	.055	F = 550.7, α = .000	F = 56.0, α = .000	F = 4.4, α = .000
Family to Work	.015	F = 15.2, α = .000	F = 4.3, α = .005	F = 2.1, α = .000
Caregiver Strain	.030	F = 19.2, α = .11	F = 65.8, α = .000	F = 2.0, α = .01
Rely on extended family for help
Overload	.041	F = 12.8, α = .000	F = 53.4, α = .000	F = 2.5, α = .01
Work to Family	.033	F = 13.7, α = .000	F = 47.4, α = .000	F = 1.4, α = .27
Family to Work	.014	F = 32.8, α = .000	F = 3.4, α = .01	F = 2.4, α = .02
Caregiver Strain	.031	F = 1.9, α = .11	F = 39.3, α = .000	F = 3.6, α = .001
Rely on friends for help
Overload	.032	F = 3.9, α = .002	F = 50.9, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .45
Work to Family	.030	F = 5.2, α = .006	F = 51.2, α = .000	F = 0.7, α = .68
Family to Work	.012	F = 30.5, α = .000	F = 3.6, α = .01	F = 1.6, α = .15
Caregiver Strain	.030	F = 6.8, α = .001	F = 41.1, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .07
Plan work changes around the family
Overload	.039	F = 11.4, α = .000	F = 70.8, α = .000	F = 0.4, α = .90
Work to Family	.031	F = 8.4, α = .000	F = 57.0, α = .000	F = 1.1, α = .36
Family to Work	.017	F = 34.9, α = .000	F = 8.7, α = .000	F = 0.6, α = .72
Caregiver Strain	.028	F = 0.3, α = .72	F = 53.7, α = .000	F = 1.4, α = .22
Identify one partner as primarily responsible for household tasks
Overload	.040	F = 10.1, α = .000	F = 68.2, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .51
Work to Family	.041	F = 22.5, α = .000	F = 52.0, α = .000	F = 2.0, α = .06
Family to Work	.010	F = 14.4, α = .000	F = 5.1, α = .001	F = 2.9, α = .009
Caregiver Strain	.031	F = 4.3, α = .01	F = 46.0, α = .000	F = 1.3, α = .25
Buy more goods and services
Overload	.056	F = 83.2, α = .000	F = 63.7, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .78
Work to Family	.050	F = 83.2, α = .000	F = 53.5, α = .000	F = 0.9, α = .51
Family to Work	.011	F = 34.1, α = .000	F = 3.4, α = .01	F = 0.6, α = .77
Caregiver Strain	.031	F = 8.3, α = .000	F = 64.3, α = .000	F = 1.7, α = .14
Encourage children to help each other
Overload	.042	F = 0.2, α = .97	F = 30.7, α = .000	F = 0.5, α = .82
Work to Family	.026	F = 0.3, α = .72	F = 17.8, α = .000	F = 0.3, α = .93
Family to Work	.011	F = 0.6, α = .55	F = 3.6, α = .01	F = 1.1, α = .38
Caregiver Strain	.022	F = 0.2, α = .86	F = 13.1, α = .000	F = 0.7, α = .67
Try to be flexible
Overload	.032	F = 1.2, α = .29	F = 18.8, α = .000	F = 0.7, α = .68
Work to Family	.031	F = 1.9, α = .000	F = 18.9, α = .000	F = 0.8, α = .56
Family to Work	.003	F = 0.1, α = .88	F = 0.6, α = .61	F = 0.6, α = .71
Caregiver Strain	.027	F = 1.6, α = .19	F = 13.4, α = .000	F = 1.2, α = .30
Cut down on outside activities
Overload	.081	F = 186.3, α = .000	F = 53.0, α = .000	F = 1.0, α = .47
Work to Family	.075	F = 179.8, α = .000	F = 42.9, α = .000	F = 3.2, α = .002
Family to Work	.019	F = 58.1, α = .000	F = 3.6, α = .01	F = 0.7, α = .51
Caregiver Strain	.031	F = 11.4, α = .000	F = 50.2, α = .000	F = 1.9, α = .07
Limit job involvement to allow time for family
Overload	.041	F = 22.6, α = .000	F = 73.0, α = .000	F = 2.1, α = .05
Work to Family	.041	F = 35.3, α = .000	F = 55.9, α = .000	F = 2.8, α = .009
Family to Work	.029	F = 82.1, α = .000	F = 4.3, α = .005	F = 0.9, α = .47
Caregiver Strain	.029	F = 1.0, α = .35	F = 66.9, α = .000	F = 1.6, α = .15

Details: Significant Main Effects in Table 24

Impact of Coping Strategy on Work-Life Conflict	How Often Use Strategy			Δ
	M	W	D
Get by on less sleep than I would like Overload Work to Family	3.2 2.4	3.5 2.8	4.0 3.3	.8 .9
Leave things undone around the house Overload	3.1	3.3	3.8	.7
Hire help to care for children Overload Family to Work	3.8 2.5	3.6 2.7	3.9 2.9	*** .4
Cover household responsibilities for each other Overload	4.0	3.7	3.7	-.3
Leave work-related problems at work Work to Family	3.6	3.0	2.6	-1.0
Rely on extended family for help Work to Family Family to Work	3.0 2.3	2.9 2.5	3.1 2.6	*** .3
Buy more goods and services Overload Work to Family	3.6 2.7	3.6 2.9	3.9 3.2	.3 .5
Cut down on outside activities Overload	3.4	3.4	3.9	.5
Limit job involvement to allow more time for family Overload	3.8	3.5	3.8	***

Details: Significant Interaction Terms in Table 24

	Male						Female
	Managers/Prof.			Other			Managers/Prof.			Other
	M	W	D	M	W	D	M	W	D	M	W	D
Leave things undone around house Work to Family	2.4	2.8	3.3	2.2	2.5	3.1	2.7	2.4	3.2	2.4	2.3	2.7
Hire help for elder care Overload Caregiver strain	3.7 1.8	3.7 1.9	3.7 2.2	3.5 1.9	3.5 2.1	3.8 2.4	4.0 2.4	4.0 2.1	4.0 2.5	3.7 2.4	3.7 2.3	4.0 2.7
Leave work problems at work Overload	4.0	3.6	3.3	3.9	3.5	3.2	4.1	3.8	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.7
Modify work schedule Overload Work to Family	3.8 3.3	3.5 2.9	3.4 2.9	3.4 3.0	3.4 2.8	3.4 2.8	4.0 3.3	3.6 2.9	3.8 2.9	3.9 2.9	3.6 2.5	3.7 2.8
Rely on extended family Overload	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.6	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.8
Cut down on outside activities Work to Family	2.8	2.9	3.4	2.5	2.7	3.2	2.9	2.7	3.2	2.4	2.6	2.9
Limit job involvement Work to Family	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9