Lignes directrices sur l'exposition aux champs électromagnétiques provenant d'appareils cliniques à résonance magnétique - code de sécurité - 26

6. Références

1. Advice on acceptable limits of exposure to nuclear magnetic resonance clinical imaging by the National Radiological Protection Board, U.K., Radiography, Vol. 50, No. 593, p. 220, 1984.
2. Athey, T.W., Ross, R.J. et Ruggera, P.S., Magnetic fields associated with a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system. Magn. Res. Imag., Vol. 1, pp. 149-154, 1982.
3. Barrafato, D. et Helkelman, M., Magnetic resonance imaging and surgical clips, Canada J. Surg., Vol. 27, pp. 509-510, 1984.
4. Bernhardt, J.H. et Kossel, F., Recommendations for the safe use of NMR equipment. Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas., Vol. 6, pp. 65-74, 1985.
5. Budinger, T.F., Health effects of in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Magazine, Vol. 1, pp. 31-38, Sept. 1985.
6. Budinger, T.F., Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo studies: known thresholds for health effects, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., Vol. 50, pp. 800-811, 1981.
7. Budinger, T.F., Thresholds for physiological effects due to RF and magnetic fields used in NMR imaging. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-26, pp. 2821-1825, 1979.
8. Cooke, P. et Morris, P.G., The effects of NMR exposure on living organisms. II - A genetic study of human lymphocytes. Brit. J. Radiol., Vol. 54, pp. 622-625, 1981.
9. Davis, P.L., Crooks, L., Arakawa, M., McRee, R., Kaufman, L. et Margulis, A.R., Potential hazards in NMR imaging: heating effects of changing magnetic fields and RF fields on small metallic implants, Am. J. Roentgeonology, Vol. 137, pp. 857-860, 1981.
10. Dujovny, M., Kossovsky, N., Kossovsky, R., Valdivia, R., Suk, J.S., Diaz, F.G., Berman, S.K. et Cleary, W., Aneurysm clip motion during magnetic resonance imaging: in vivo experimental study with metallurgical factor analysis. Neurosurgery, Vol. 17, pp. 543-548, 1985.
11. Elder, J.A. et Chaill, D.F. (Eds.), Biological Effects of Radio-frequency Radiation. Report No. EPA-600/8-83-026F. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, 1984.
12. Fetter, J., Aram, G., Homes, D.R., Gray, J.E. et Hayes, D.L., The effect of nuclear magnetic resonance imagers on external and implantable pulse generators. PACE, Vol. 7, pp. 720-727, 1984.
13. Finn, E.J., Di Chiro, G., Brooks, R.A. et Sato, S., Ferromagnetic materials in patients: detection before MR imaging. Radiology, Vol. 156, pp. 139-141, 1985.
14. Guidelines for evaluating electromagnetic exposure risk for trials of clinical NMR systems. Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, U.S., 25 February, 1982.
15. Holmes, D.R., Hayes, D.L., Gray, J.E. et Merideth, J., The effects of magnetic resonance imaging on implantable pulse generators. PACE, Vol. 9, pp. 360-370, 1986.
16. Laakman, R.W., Kaufman, B., Hans, J.S., Nelson, A.D., Clampitt, M., O'Block, A.M., Haaga, J.R. et Alfidi, R.J., MT imaging in patients with metallic implants. Radiology,Vol. 157, pp. 711-714, 1985.
17. McRobbie, D. et Foster, M.A., Pulsed magnetic field exposure during pregnancy and implications for NMR foetal imaging: a study with mice. Magn. Res. Imag., Vol. 3, pp.231-234, 1985.
18. New, P.F.J., Rosen, B.R., Brady, T.J., Buonanno, F.S., Kistler, J.P., Burt, C.T., Hinshaw, W.S., Newhouse, J.H., Pohost, G.M. et Taveras, J.M., Potential hazards and artifacts of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic surgical and dental materials and devices in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology, Vol. 147, pp. 139-148, April 1983.
19. Ossenkopp, K.P., Kavaliers, M., Prato, F.S., Teskey, G.C., Sestini, E. et Hirst, M., Exposure to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging procedure atenuates morphine-induced analgesia in mice. Life Sciences, Vol. 37, pp. 1507-1514, 1985.
20. Pavlicek, W., Geisinger, M., Castle, L., Borkowski, G.P., Meaney, T.F., Bream, B.L. et Gallagher, J.H., The effects of nuclear magnetic resonance on patients with cardiac pacemakers. Radiology. Vol. 147, pp. 149-153, April 1983.
21. Prasad, N., Bushang, S.C., Thornby, J.I., Bryan, R.N., Hazlewood, C.F. et Harrell, J.E., Effect of nuclear magnetic resonance on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells. Mag.Res. Imag., Vol. 2, pp. 37-39, 1984.
22. Recommendations on preventing health risks caused by the magnetic and high frequency electromagnetic fields produced in NMR tomography and in vivo NMR spectroscopy. Bundes ges undheitsblatt, Federal Republic of Germany, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 92-96, 1984 (in German).
23. Recommandations visant la protection des malades et du personnel contre les dangers que peut comporter l'imagerie par RMN. Publication
    85-DHM-124 de la Direction de l'hygiène du milieu, Santé et Bien-être social Canada.
24. Saunders, R.D. et Orr, J.S., Biologic effects of NMR. In Nuclear Magnetic REsonance, NMR, Imaging. Partain, C.L., James, A.E., Rollo, F.D. et Price, R.R. (Eds.), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1983, pp. 383-396.
25. Schwartz, R.D. et Smith, H., Safety aspects of NMR clinical-imaging. Brit. Med. Bull., Vol. 40,pp. 148-154, 1984.
26. Schwartz, J.L. et Crooks, L.E., NMR imaging produces no observable mutations and cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. Am. J. Roentgenology, Vol. 139, pp. 583-585, 1982.
27. Stuchly, M.A., Human exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields, Health Physics, Vol. 51, pp. 215-225, 1986.
28. Tenforde, T.S., Biological effects of high DC magnetic fields. Report No. LBL-12954, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1981.
29. Tenforde, T.S., Interaction of time-varying ELF magnetic fields with living matter. In Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Polk, C. et Postow, E. (Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986.
30. Tenforde, T.S. et Budinger, T.F., Biological effects and physical safety aspects of NMR imaging and in vivo spectroscopy. American Assoc. Physicist in Medicine Summer School on NMR In Medicine, 1985.
31. Thomas, A. et Morris, P.G., The effects of NMR exposure on living organisms. I - A microbial assay. Brit. J. Radiol., Vol. 54, pp. 615-621, 1981.
32. Vannier, N.W., Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Postgraduate Med., Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 159-170, 1984.
33. Willis, R.J. et Brooks, W.M., Potential hazards of NMR imaging, no evidence of the possible effects of static and changing magnetic fields on cardiac function of the rat and guinea pig. Mag. Res. Imag., Vol. 2, pp. 89-95, 1984.
34. Wolff, S., Crooks, L.E., Brown, P., Howard, R. et Painter, R.B., Tests for DNA and chromosomal damage induced by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology,Vol. 136, pp. 707-710, 1980.