Requirements for the Safe Use of Baggage X-Ray Inspection Systems - Safety Code 29

1. Introduction

The physical interactions of x-rays with materials yield data which can be analyzed and processed to provide useful information on them. Consequently, machines have been specifically designed to generate x-rays over a wide energy range for use in security screening operations. Machines that generate x-rays in the low-to-medium keV energy range are used for the examination of carry-on baggage, personal items, sealed mail, etc. They are by convention called baggage x-ray systems to which this Safety Code applies. Specialized systems generating x-rays in the MeV range for use on cargo containers are not addressed in this Safety Code.

X-rays are ionizing radiation that can cause cancer in exposed individuals and possibly harmful genetic mutations in their progeny. However, ionizing radiations continue to be utilized in a variety of applications in medicine, industry, research and consumer products because of known or perceived benefits. In recognition of the widespread applications of ionizing radiation worldwide, and the potential adverse human health effects, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended a system of radiological protection⁽¹⁾ which, when followed, would ensure that the risks from ionizing radiations remain low. In this context, baggage x-ray inspection systems must be designed and constructed to conform with regulatory standards, and persons who install, use and maintain them must know the x-ray hazards inherent with such systems and adhere to recommended procedures.