Guidance on Chloral Hydrate in Drinking Water

Prepared by the
Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water
of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee
on Health and the Environment

August 2008
HC Pub.:  8090
Cat.: H128-1/08-551E
ISBN: 978-1-100-10837-7

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Table of Contents

• Background on Guidance Documents
• Part A - Guidance on chloral hydrate in Canadian drinking water supplies
• Part B - Supporting information
• B.1 Physical/environmental considerations
  • B.1.1 Identity, use, sources, and fate in the environment
  • B.1.2 Exposure
• B.2 Health effects
  • B.2.1 Effects in humans
  • B.2.2 Effects on experimental animals and in vitro
    • Acute toxicity
    • Short-term exposure
    • Long-term exposure and carcinogenicity
    • Mutagenicity and genotoxicity
    • Reproductive and developmental toxicity
    • Mode of action
  • B.2.3 Absorption, metabolism and excretion
  • B.2.4 Risk assessment
• B.3 Detection and treatment
  • B.3.1 Analytical methods
  • B.3.2 Treatment technology
    • Municipal scale
    • Removal of precursors prior to municipal disinfection
    • Alternative municipal disinfection strategies
    • Residential scale
• B.4 References and acronyms
  • B.4.1 References
  • B.4.2 List of acronyms