Recommandations au sujet de la qualité des eaux utilisées à des fins récréatives au Canada

Bibliographie

• Alico, R. et Dragonjac, M. 1978. «Staphylococcus aureus as an indicator of swimming pool water quality». Abrégé, Assemblé annuelle de l'Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1978:211.
• Allen, M. 1989. Communication. Nouveau-Brunswick ministère de la Santé et des services communautaires.
• American Public Health Association. 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16^e édition. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C.
• Andre, D.A., Weiser, H.H. et Maloney, G.W. 1967. «Survival of bacterial enteric pathogens in farm pond water». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 59:503-508.
• Anonyme. 1974. «Shigellosis associated with swimming in the Mississippi River». Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 23:398-399.
• Aziz, K.M.S. 1974. «Diarrhea toxin obtained from a waterbloom-producing species, Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing». Science 183:1206-1207.
• Babin, J., Prepas, E.E., Murphy, T.P. et Hamilton, H.R. 1989. «A test of the effects of lime on algal biomass and total phosphorus concentrations in Edmonton stormwater retention lakes». Lake and Reservoir Management, 5:129-135.
• Bastein, J.A.P., Vanderwint, J., Beauchamp, M., Toxopeus, R. et Tennant, A.D. 1974. «Bacteriological Water Quality, Gatineau Park Beaches, National Capital Commission 1974». Environment Canada Surveillance Report EPS-5-OR-74-1.
• Basu, P.K., Avaria, M., Cutz, A. et Chipman, M. 1984. «Ocular effects of water from acidic lakes: an experimental study». Can. J. Ophthalmol. 19:134-141.
• Bates, R., Shaffer, P. et Sutherland, S. 1977. «Development of poliovirus having increased resistance to chlorine inactivation». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:849-853.
• Beckman, E.L. 1963. «Thermal protection during immersion in cold water». In Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Underwater Physiology. C.J. Lambertson and L.J. Greenbaum (eds.). National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. pp. 247-266.
• Bell, J.B., Zaal, J.E.J., Macrae, W. et Vanderpost, J.M. 1978. «A Bacteriological Study of the North Saskatchewan River in the Reaches from Prince Albert to Nipawin, Saskatchewan». Environment Canada Surveillance Report EPS-5-NW-78-5.
• Benenson, A.S. 1985. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 14^e édition. American Public Health Association.
• Berg, G. 1978. «The indicator system». In Indicators of Viruses in Water and Food. G. Berg (ed.). Ann Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor, Mich. pp. 1-13.
• Berg, G. et Metcalf, T.G. 1978. «Indicators of viruses in waters». In Indicators of Viruses in Water and Food. G. Berg (ed.). Ann Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor, Mich. pp. 267-296.
• Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 1986. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
• Billings, W.H. 1981. «Water associated human illness in northeast Pennsylvania and its suspected association with blue-green algae blooms». In The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. W.W. Carmichael (ed.). Plenum Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 243-255.
• Bishop, C.T., Anet, E.F.L.J. et Gorham, P.R. 1959. «Isolation and definition of the fast death factor in Microcystis aeruginosa NRC-1». Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. 37:453-471.
• Bitton, G., Farrah, S., Montague, C., Binford, M., Scheuerman, P. et Watson, A. 1985. Survey of Virus Isolation Data from Environmental Samples. Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
• Black, A.P. et Christman, R.E. 1963. «Characteristics of colored surface waters». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 55:897-912. Cited in Schindler and Alberts (1974).
• Blaser, H. et Newman, L. 1982. «A review of human salmonellosis: I. Infective dose». Rev. Infect. Dis. 4: 1096-1106.
• Blaser, M.J., Hardesty, H.L. et Powers, B. 1980. «Survival of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in biological milieus». J. Clin. Microbiol. 11:309-313.
• Block, J. et Schwartzbrod, L. 1982. Analyse virologique des eaux. Technique et documentation, Lavoisier, Paris.
• Bolton, F.J., Coates, D., Hutchison, D.N. et Godfree, A.F. 1987. «A study of thermophilic Campylobacter in a river system». J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62: 167-176.
• Borczyk, A., Thompson, S., Smith, D. et Lior, H. 1987. «Waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter laridis associated gastroenteritis». Lancet i:164-165.
• Borrego, J.J., Florido, P.R., Mrocek, P.R. et Romero, P. 1987a. «Design and performance of a new medium for the quantitative recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from recreational waters». J. Appl. Bacteriol. 63:85-93.
• Borrego, J.J., Morinigo, M.A., de Vincente, A., Cornax, R. et Romero, P. 1987b. «Coliphages as an indicator of fecal pollution in water, its relationship with indicators and pathogenic microorganisms». Water Res. 21:1473.
• Boyd, W.L. et Boyd, J.W. 1962. «Viability of thermophiles and coliform bacteria in Arctic soils and water». Can. J. Microbiol. 8:189-192.
• Brabender, W., Hinthorn, D., Asher, M., Lindsey, N. et Liu, C. 1983. «Legionella pneumophila wound infection». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 250: 3091-3092.
• Bradley, D.E. 1967. «Ultrastructure of bacteriophages and bacteriocins». Bacteriol. Rev. 31:230.
• Brenniman, G.R., Rosenberg, S.H. et Northrop, R.L. 1981. «Microbial sampling variables and recreational water quality standards». Am. J. Public Health 71:283-289.
• Brodsky, M. 1989. Communication. Ministère de la Santé de l'Ontario.
• Brodsky, M.H. et Ciebin, B.W. 1978. «Improved medium for recovery and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from water using membrane filters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:36-42.
• Brown, H.S., Bishop, D.R. et Rowan, C.A. 1984. «The role of skin absorption as a route of exposure for volatile organic compounds in drinking water». Am. J. Public Health 74:479-484.
• Brown, M.B., Campbell, E.A., Richards, A.D. et Wheeler, D. 1987. «Sewage pollution of bathing water». Lancet ii:1208-1209.
• Bryan, J.A., Lehmann, J.D., Setiady, I.F. et Hatch, M.H. 1974. «An outbreak of hepatitis-A associated with recreational lake water». Am. J. Epidemiol. 99:145-154.
• Burton, G.A., Gunnison, D. et Lanza, G.R. 1987. «Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 633-648.
• Cabelli, V.J. 1977. «Indicators of recreational water quality». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635:222-238.
• Cabelli, V.J. 1979. «Evaluation of recreational water quality, the EPA approach». In Biological Indicators of Water Quality. A. James et L. Evison (eds.). Wiley-Interscience, London. pp. 14-1 to 14-23.
• Cabelli, V.J. 1983. «Health Effects Criteria for Marine Recreational Waters». U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-600/1-80-031.
• Cabelli, V.J., Levin, M.A., Dufour, A.P. et McCabe, L.J. 1975. «The development of criteria for recreational waters». In Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls. A.L.H. Gameson (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 63-73.
• Cabelli, V.J., Kennedy, H. et Levin, M.A. 1976. «Pseudomonas aeruginosa fecal coliform relationship in estuarine and fresh recreational waters». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48:367-376.
• Cabelli, V.J., Dufour, A.P., Levin, M.A., McCabe, L.J. et Habermann, P.W. 1979. «Relationship of microbial indicators to health effects at marine bathing beaches». Am. J. Public Health 69:690-696.
• Cabelli, V.J., Dufour, A.P., McCabe, L.J. et Levin, M.A. 1983. «A marine recreational water quality criterion consistent with indicator concepts and risk analysis». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 55:1306-1314.
• Calderson, R.L. et Dufour, A.P. 1984. «Media for the detection of Legionella spp. in environmental water samples». In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Legionella. C. Thornsberry, A. Balows , J.C. Feeley and W. Jakubowski (eds.). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. pp. 290-292.
• Caldwell, G., Lindsay, N., Wulff, H., Donnely, D. et Bohl, F. 1974. «Epidemic of adenovirus type 7 conjunctivitis in swimmers». Am. J. Epidemiol. 99: 230-234.
• Caplenas, N.R. et Kanarek, M.S. 1984. «Thermotolerant non-fecal source K. pneumoniae: Validity of the fecal coliform test in recreational waters». Am. J. Public Health 74:1273-1275.
• Carmichael, W.W. et Gorham, P.R. 1978. «Anatoxins from clones of Anabaena flos-aquae isolated from lakes of western Canada». Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 21:285-295.
• Carmichael, W.W., Jones, C.A., Mahmood, N.A. et Theiss, W.C. 1985. «Algal toxins and water-based diseases». Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 15:275-313.
• Carmichael, W.W. 1988. «Toxins of freshwater algae». In Handbook of Natural Toxins, Marine Toxins et Venoms. Vol. 3. A.T. Tu (ed.). Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y. pp. 121-147.
• Carter, A.M., Pacha, R.E., Clark, G.W. et Williams, E.A. 1987. «Seasonal occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in surface waters and their correlation with standard indicator bacteria». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:523-526.
• Cassisi, N., Cohn, A., Davidson, T. et Witten, B.R. 1977. «Diffuse otitis externa: Clinical and microbiologic findings in the course of a multicenter study on a new otic solution». Ann. Otal. Rehnol. Laryngol. 86:1.
• Cherry, W.B., Hanks, J.B., Thomason, B.M., Murlin, A.M., Briddle, J.W. et Croom, J.M. 1972. «Salmonellae as an index of pollution of surface waters». Appl. Microbiol. 24:334-340.
• Christman, R.E. et Ghassimi, M. 1966. The Nature of Organic Color in Water. Univ. Wash. Coll. Eng. Dep. Civ. Eng. 45 pp. Cited in Giesy and Briese (1977).
• Churchland, L.M. et Kan, G. 1982. «Variation in fecal pollution indicators through tidal cycles in the Fraser River Estuary». Can. J. Microbiol. 28:239-247.
• Clausen, E.M., Green, B.L. et Litsky, W. 1977. «Fecal streptococci: Indicators of pollution». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635:247-264.
• Codd, G.A., Brooks, W.P., Priestley, I.M., Poon, G.K. et Bell, S.G. 1989. «Production, detection, and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins». Toxicity Assessment: An International Journal. 4:499-511.
• Cohen, J. et Shuval, H.I. 1973. «Coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci as indicators of water pollution». Water Air Soil Pollut. 2:85-95.
• Corber, S. 1988. Communication. Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton.
• Craun, G.F. 1976. «Microbiology-waterborne outbreaks». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48:1378-1397.
• Craun, G.F. 1986. Waterborne Diseases in the United States. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
• Cross, T.F. et Southgate, T. 1980. «Mortalities of fauna of rocky substrates in south-west Ireland associated with the occurrence of Gyrodinium aureolum blooms during autumn 1979». J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 60:1071-1073.
• D'Antonio, R., Winn, R., Taylor, J., Gustafson, T., Current, W., Rhodes, M., Gary, G. et Zajac, R. 1985. «A waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in normal hosts». Ann. Intern. Med. 103:886-888.
• Davis, W.A., Kane, J.G. et Garagusi, V.P. 1978. «Human Aeromonas infections: a review of the literature and a case report of endocarditis». Medicine (Baltimore) 57:267-277.
• Denis, F.A., Blanchouin, E., deLignieres, A. et Flamen, P. 1974. «Coxsackie A16 infection from lake water». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 228:1370-1371.
• Dewailly, E., Poirier, C. et Meyer, F. 1986. «Health hazards associated with wind-surfing on polluted water». Am. J. Public Health 76:690-691.
• Dillenberg, H.O. et Dehnel, M.K. 1960. «Toxic waterbloom in Saskatchewan 1959». Can. Med. Assoc. J. 83:1151-1154.
• Dillon, P.J., Jeffries, D.S., Snyder, W., Reid, R., Yan, N.D., Evans, D., Moss, J. et Scheider, W.A. 1978. «Acidic precipitation in south-central Ontario: Recent observations». J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:809-815.
• Dimitracopoulos, G., Kalkani-Boussiakou, H. et Papavassiliou, J. 1977. «Animal fecal carriership and biotypes of Staphylococcus aureus». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:461-464.
• Doyle, J.D., Tunnicliff, B., Brickler, S.K., Kramer, R.E. et Sinclair, N.A. 1984. «Anaerobic incubation of membrane filter cultures for improved detection of fecal coliforms from recreational waters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48: 324-326.
• Drake, C.H. 1966. «Evaluation of culture media for the isolation and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa». Health Lab. Sci. 3:10.
• Dudley, R.H., Hekimian, K.K. et Mechalas, B.J. 1976. «A scientific basis for determining recreational water quality criteria». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48:2761-2777.
• Dufour, A.P. 1977. «Escherichia coli: The fecal coliform». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635:45-58.
• Dufour, A.P. 1984. «Health Effects Criteria for Fresh Recreational Waters». U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-600/1-84-004.
• Dufour, A.P. 1989. Communication. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
• Dufour, A.P. et Cabelli, V.J. 1976. «Characteristics of Klebsiella from textile finishing plant effluents». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48:872-879.
• Dufour, A.P., Strickland, E.R. et Cabelli, V.J. 1981. «Membrane filter method for enumerating Escherichia coli.» Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:1152-1158.
• Duncan, I.B.R. 1988. «Waterborne Klebsiella and human disease». Toxic. Assess. 3:581-598.
• Dutka, B.J. et Bell, J.A. 1973. «Isolation of salmonellae from moderately polluted waters». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 45:316-324.
• Dutka, B.J. et El-Shaarawi, A.H. 1980. «Microbiological water and effluent sample preservation». Can. J. Microbiol. 26:921-929.
• Dutka, B.J. et Kwan, K.K. 1977. «Confirmation of single step membrane filtration procedure for estimating Pseudomonas aeruginosa densities in water». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:240-245.
• Dutka, B.J. et Kwan, K.K. 1980. «Bacterial die-off and stream transport studies». Water Res. 14:909-915.
• Dutka, B.J., El-Shaarawi, A., Martins, M.T. et Sanchez, P.S. 1987. «North and South American studies on the potential of coliphage as a water quality indication». Water Res. 21:1127.
• Edelstein, P. 1985. «Environmental aspects of Legionella». ASM News 51:460-467.
• Elleman, T.C., Falconer, I.R., Jackson, A.R.B. et Runnegar, M.T. 1978. «Isolation, chacterization and pathology of the toxin from a Microcystis aeruginosa (=Anacystis Cyanea) bloom». Australian Journal of Biological Sciences. 31: 209-2l8.
• Elliot, E.L. et Colwell, R.R. 1985. «Indicator organisms for estuarine et marine waters». FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32:61-79.
• Environnement Canada. 1972. Guidelines for Water Quality Objectives and Standards. Direction des eaux intérieures. Tech. Bull. No. 67.
• Environnement Canada. 1978. Methods for Microbiological Analysis of Waters, Wastewaters and Sediments. Direction des eaux intérieures, Division des opérations scientifiques, Centre canadien des eaux intérieures, Burlington.
• Environnement Canada. 1981. Analytical Methods Manual. Direction des eaux intérieures. Direction générale des eaux intérieures.
• Environnement Canada et ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario. 1978. Microbiological Characteristics of Urban Storm Water Run-offs in Central Ontario. Research Report No. 87, Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, Ottawa.
• Evans, J.B. 1977. «Coagulase-positive staphylococci as indicators of potential health hazards from water». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635: 126-130.
• Ewing, W.H., Hugh, R. et Johnson, J.G. 1961. «Studies on the Aeromonas Group». Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
• Falconer, I.R., Jackson, A.R.B., Langley, J. et Runnegar, M.T. 1981. «Liver pathology in mice in poisoning by the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa». Australian Journal of Biological Sciences. 34: 179-187.
• Farrant, J., Drury, A., et Thompson, R. 1988. «Legionnaires' disease following immersion in a river». Lancet ii:460.
• Fattal, B., Peleg-Olevsky, E., Yoshpe-Purer, Y. et Shuval, H.I. 1986. «The association between morbidity among bathers and microbial quality of seawater». Water Sci. Technol. 18:59-69.
• Favero, M.S., Drake, C.H. et Randall, G. 1964. «Use of staphylococci as indicators of swimming pool pollution». Public Health Rep. 79:61-70.
• Felbeck, G.T. 1965. «Structural chemistry of soil humic substances». Adv. Agron. 17:327-368. Cited in Giesy and Briese (1977).
• Felbeck, G.T. 1971. «Chemical and biological characterization of humic matter». In Soil Biochemistry 2. A.D. McLoren and J. Skeyins (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y. pp. 55-56. Cited in Giesy and Briese (1977).
• Feng, P.C. et Hartman, P.A. 1982. «Fluorogenic assays for immediate confirmation of Escherichia coli». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1320-1329.
• Flaig, W. 1964. «Effects of microorganisms in the transformation of lignin to humic substances». Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 28:1523-1535. Cited in Giesy et Briese (1977).
• Foy, H., Cooney, M. et Hatlen, J. 1968. «Adenovirus type 3 epidemic associated with intermittent chlorination of a swimming pool». Arch. Environ. Health 17:795-802.
• Freier, T.A. et Hartman, P.A. 1987. «Improved membrane filtration media for enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli from sewage and surface waters». Appl Environ. Microbiol. 53:1246-1250.
• Fuhs, G.W. 1975. «A probabilistic model of beach safety». Sci. Total Environ. 4:165-175.
• Gage, S.D. 1924. «The control of oil pollution in Rhode Island». J. Boston Soc. Civ. Eng. 11:237. Cited in McKee and Wolfe (1963).
• Gallaher, M., Herndon, J., Nims, L., Sterling, C., Grabowski, D. et Hull, H. 1989. «Cryptosporidiosis and surface water». Am. J. Public Health 79:39-42.
• Geldreich, E.E. 1966. «Sanitary Significance of Fecal Coliforms in the Environment». Water Pollution Control Research Series No. WP-20-3, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
• Geldreich, E.E. 1970. «Applying bacteriological parameters to recreational water quality». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 62:113-120.
• Geldreich, E.E. 1972. «Water pathogens». In Water Pollution Microbiology. R. Mitchell (ed.). Wiley-Interscience. pp. 207-241.
• Geldreich, E.E. 1976. «Microbiology of water». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48:1338-1356.
• Geldreich, E.E., Huff, C.B., Bordner, R.H., Kabler, P.W. et Clark, H.F. 1962. «The faecal coli-aerogenes flora of soils from various geographic areas». J. Appl. Bacteriol. 25:87-93.
• Geldreich, E.E., Best, L.C., Kenner, B.A. et Van Donsel, D.J. 1968. «The bacteriological aspects of stormwater pollution». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 40:1861-1872.
• Gerba, C. 1983. «Methods for recovering viruses from the water environment». In Viral Pollution of the Water Environment. G. Berg (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
• Gerba, C. 1988.Communication. The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
• Gerba, C. et Goyal, S. 1982. Methods in Environmental Virology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, N.Y.
• Gerba, C., Rose, J. et Singh, S. 1985. «Waterborne gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis». Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 15:213-236.
• Gibson, A.K. et Smith, J.R. 1988. «The Use of Enterococci as an Indicator of Receiving Water Quality». Greater Vancouver Regional District.
• Giesy, J.P. et Briese, L.A. 1977. «Metals associated with organic carbon extracted from Okefenokee swamp water». Chem. Geol. 20:109-120.
• Goldberg, D., Collier, P., Fallon, R., McKay, T., Markwick, T., Wrench, J., Emslie, J., Forbes, G., Macpherson, A. et Reid, D. 1989. «Lochgoilhead fever: Outbreak of non-pneumonic Legionellosis due to Legionella micdadei». Lancet i:316-318.
• Goodrich, T.D., Stuart, D.G., Bissonnette, G.K. et Walter, W.G. 1970. «A bacteriological study of the waters of Bozeman Creek's south fork drainage». Mont. Acad. Sci. 30:59-65.
• Gosselin, F.M. 1979. «Compared survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in cold water». Ann. Microbiol. 130B:197.
• Goyal, W.M., Gerba, C.P. et Melnick, J.L. 1978. «Prevalence of human enteric viruses in coastal canal communities». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 50: 2247-2256.
• Greensmith, C., Stanwick, R., Elliot, B. et Fast, M. 1988. «Giardiasis associated with the use of a water slide». Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 7:91-94.
• Griffin, J. 1977. «Pathogenic free-living amoeba. In Parasitic Protozoa». Vol. 2. J. Kreier (ed.). Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
• Gust, I. et Purcell, R. 1987. «Report of a workshop: Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis». J. Infect. Dis. 156:630-635.
• Hallenbeck, W.H. et Brenniman, G.R. 1989. «Risk of fatal amoebic meningencephalitis from waterborne Naegleria fowleri». Environ. Manage. 13:227-232.
• Hanson, M.J. et Stefan, H.G. 1984. «Side effects of 58 years of copper sulfate treatment of the Fairmont Lakes», Minnesota. Water Res. Bull. 20:889-900.
• Hanson, P.G., Standridge, J., Jarrett, F. et Maki, D.G. 1977. «Freshwater wound infection due to Aeromonas hydrophila». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 238:1053-1055.
• Harada, K.I., Matsuura, K.,Suzuki, M., Oka, H., Watanabe, M.F., Oishi, S., Dahlem, A.M., Beasley, V.R. et Carmichael, W.W. 1988. «Analysis and purification of toxic peptides from cyanobacteria by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography». Journal of Chromatography. 448:275-283.
• Harter, L., Frost, F., Greunfelder, G., Perkins-Jones, K. et Libby, J. 1984. «Giardiasis in an infant and toddler swim class». Am. J. Public Health 74: 155-156.
• Havelaar, A.H., During, M. et Versteegh, J.F.M. 1987 «Ampicillin-dextrin agar medium for the enumeration of Aeromonas species in water by membrane filtration». J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62:279-287.
• Hawley, H.B., Morin, D.P., Geraghty, M.E., Tomkow, J. et Phillips, C.A. 1973. «Coxsackievirus epidemic at a boys' camp. Isolation of virus from swimming water». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 226:33-36.
• Hazen, T.C., Fliermans, C.B., Hirsch, R.P. et Esch, G.W. 1978. «Prevalence and distribution of Aeromonas hydrophila in the United States». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:731-738.
• Hendricks, C.W. 1971. «Increased recovery rate of salmonellae from stream bottom sediments versus surface waters». Appl. Microbiol. 21:379-380.
• Hendricks, C.W. 1972. «Enteric bacterial growth in river water». Appl. Micro-biol. 24:168-174.
• Henson, E.B. 1966. «Aquatic insects as inhalant allergens: A review of American literature». Ohio J. Sci. 66:529-532. Cited in National Academy of Sciences (1973).
• Hill, G.A. et Grimes, D.J. 1984. «Seasonal study of a freshwater lake and migratory waterfowl for Campylobacter jejuni». Can. J. Microbiol. 30: 845-849.
• Hoadley, A.W. 1977. «Potential health hazards associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635: 80-114.
• Hoadley, A.W. et Knight, D.E. 1975. «External otitis among swimmers and non-swimmers». Arch. Environ. Health 30:445-448.
• Hoadley, A.W., Kemp, W.M., Firmin, A.C., Smith, G.T. et Schelhorn, P. 1974. «Salmonellae in the environment around a chicken processing plant». Appl. Microbiol. 27:818-857.
• Hoeffler, D.E. 1977. «Swimmers' itch (cercarial dermatitis)». Cutis 1977: 461-467.
• Hsu, S., Martin, R. et Wentworth, B. 1984. «Isolation of Legionella species from drinking water». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:830-832.
• Huntley, B.E., Jones, A.E. et Cabelli, V.J. 1976. «Klebsiella densities in waters receiving wood pulp effluents». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48: 1766-1771.
• International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. 1979. Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness. 1^re édition. Ames, Iowa.
• International Joint Commission. 1977. New and Revised Great Lakes Water Quality Objectives. Vol. II. An International Joint Commission Report to the Governments of the United States and Canada.
• Ikawa, M., Wegener, K., Foxall, T.D. et Sasner, J.J. 1982. «Comparison of the toxins of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae with the Gonyaulax toxins». Toxicon. 20: 747-751.
• Isaac-Renton, J.L., Fogel, D., Stibbs, H.H. et Ongerth, J.E. 1987. «Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water». Lancet i:973-974.
• Jakubowski, W. et Ericksen, T. 1979. «Methods for detection of Giardia cysts in water supplies». In Waterborne Transmission of Giardiasis. W. Jakubowski et J. Hoff (eds.). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-600/9-79-001. pp. 193-210.
• Jamel Al-Layl, K., Poon. G.K. et Codd, G.A. 1988. «Isolation and purification of peptide and alkaloid toxins from Anabaena flos-aquae using high-performance thin-layer chromatography». Journal of Microbiological Methods. 7: 251-258.
• Jones, E.H. 1965. External Otitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. C.C. Thomas Publ., Springfield, Ill.
• Jones, M. et Newton, W. 1950. «The survival of cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in water at temperatures between 45° and 55°C». Am. J. Trop. Med. 30:51-58.
• Joseph, S.W., Daily, P.O., Hunt, W.S., Seidler, R.J., Allen, D.A. et Colwell, R.R. 1979. «Aeromonas primary wound infection of a diver in polluted waters». J. Clin. Microbiol. 10:46-48.
• Kaper, J.B., Lockman, H. et Colwell, R.R. 1981. «Aeromonas hydrophila: Ecology and toxicology of isolates from an estuary». J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50:359-377.
• Kappus, K., Marks, J., Holman, R., Kenicott, B.J., Baker, C., Gary, W. et Greenberg, H. 1982. «An outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritis associated with swimming in a pool and secondary person-to-person transmission». Am. J. Epidemiol. 16:834-839.
• Keatinge, W.R. 1969. Survival in Cold Water: The Physiology and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia and of Drowning. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford. 135 pp.
• Koopman, J., Eckert, E., Greenberg, H., Strohm, B., Isaacson, R. et Monto, A. 1982. «Norwalk virus enteric illness acquired by swimming exposure». Am. J. Epidemiol. 115:173-177.
• Kott, Y., Roze, N., Speber, S. et Betzer, N. 1974. «Bacteriophages as viral pollution indications». Water Res. 8:165.
• Kott, Y., Ben-Ari, H. et Vinokur, L. 1978. «Coliphage survival as viral indicator in various wastewater quality effluents». Prog. Water Technol. 10:337.
• Kreider, M.B. 1964. «Pathogenic effects of extreme cold». In Medical Climatology. S. Licht et E. Licht (eds.). New Haven, Conn. pp. 428-468.
• Krishnamurthy, T., Carmichael, W.W. et Sarver, E.W. 1986. «Toxic peptides from freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Isolation, purification and characterization of peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos-aquae». Toxicon: 24: 865-873.
• Kush, B.J. et Hoadley, A.W. 1980. «A preliminary survey of the association of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with commercial whirlpool bath waters». Am. J. Public Health 70:279.
• Lanyi, B., Gregacs, M. et Adam, M.M. 1966. «Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serogroups in water and human feces». Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 13:319.
• Larsen, J.L. et Willeberg, P. 1984. «The impact of terrestrial and estuarial factors on the density of environmental bacteria and fecal coliforms in coastal waters». Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. 179:308-323.
• Le Maistre, C., Sappenfield, R., Culbertson, C., Carter, F., Offut, A., Black, H. et Brooke, M. 1956. «Studies of a waterborne outbreak of amoebiasis, South Bend, Indiana. I. Epidemiological aspects». Am. J. Hyg. 64:30-45.
• Lessard, E.J. et Sieburth, J.M. 1983. «Survival of natural sewage populations of enteric bacteria in diffusion and batch chambers in the marine environment». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:950-959.
• Levin, M.A. et Cabelli, V.J. 1972. «Membrane filter technique for enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa». Appl. Microbiol. 24:864-870.
• Levy, G.E. et Folstad, J.W. 1969. «Swimmers' itch». Environment 11:14-21.
• Lin, S.D. 1985. «Giardia lamblia and water supply». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 77:40-47.
• Lund, E. 1978. «Human pathogens as potential health hazards». Ambio 7:56-61.
• Mackenthun, K.M. et Keup, L.E. 1970. «Biological problems encountered in water supplies». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 62:520-526.
• Makintubee, S., Mallonee, J. et Istre, G.R. 1987. «Shigellosis outbreak associated with swimming». Am. J. Public Health 77:166-168.
• Mallman, W.L. 1962. «Cocci test for detecting mouth and nose pollution of swimming pool water». Am. J. Public Health 52:2001-2008.
• Mangione, E., Remis, R., Tait, K., McGee, H., Gorman, G., Wentworth, B., Baron, P., Hightower, A., Barbaree, J. et Broome, C. 1982. «An outbreak of Pontiac fever related to whirlpool use, Michigan 1982». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 253:535-539.
• Mann, E., Sekla, L., Nayar, G. et Koschik, C. 1986. «Infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and cattle in Manitoba». Med. J. Vet. Res. 50:174-178.
• Margolin, A., Hewlett, M. et Gerba, C. 1986. «Use of a C-DNA dot-blot by hybridization technique for detection of enteroviruses in water» In Proceedings of a Water Quality Technology Conference, Houston, Tex., December 8-11, 1985. American Water Works Association.
• Mates, A. et Schaffer, M. 1988. «Quantitative determination of E. coli from faecal coliforms in seawater». Microbios 53:161-165.
• Matsen, J.M., Spindler, J.A. et Blosser, R.O. 1974. «Characterization of Klebsiella isolates from natural receiving waters and comparison with human isolates». Appl. Microbiol. 28:672-678.
• McCabe, L.J. et Craun, G.F. 1975. «Status of waterborne diseases in the U.S. and Canada». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 67:95-98.
• McCambridge, J. et McMeekin, T.A. 1981. «Effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on survival of fecal and other bacteria». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:1083-1087.
• McClausland, W.J. et Cox, P.J. 1975. «Pseudomonas infection traced to motel whirlpool». J. Environ. Health 37:455-459.
• McFeters, G.A., Bissonnette, G.K., Jezeski, J.J., Thomson, C.A. et Stuart, D.G. 1974. «Comparative survival of indicator bacteria and enteric pathogens in well water». Appl. Microbiol. 27:829-838.
• McKee, J.E. et Wolfe, J.W. 1963. «Water Quality Criteria». 2^e édition. State Water Quality Board Publication 3A, Sacramento, Calif.
• McLean, D. 1965. «Transmission of viral infections by recreational water». In Transmission of Viruses by the Water Route. Interscience Publ., New York, N.Y.
• McLeod, J.A. et Bondar, G.S. 1952. «A case of suspected algal poisoning in Manitoba». Can. J. Public Health 43:347-350.
• Melnick, J.L. 1976. «Viruses in water: an introduction». In Viruses in Water. G. Berg (ed.). American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. pp. 3-10.
• Menon, A.S. 1985. «Salmonella and pollution indicator bacteria in municipal and food processing effluents and the Cornwallis River». Can. J. Microbiol. 31:598-603.
• Mentzing, L.-O. 1981. «Waterborne outbreaks of Campylobacter enteritis in central Sweden». Lancet i:352-354.
• Meriluoto, J.A.O. et Erikkson, J.E. 1988. «Rapid analysis of peptide toxins in cyanobacteria». Journal of Chromatography. 438: 93-99.
• Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario. 1984. «Microorganisms in Recreational Waters». Scientific Criteria Document for Standard Development No. 1-84.
• Ministère de la Santé nationale et du Bien-être social. 1977. Qualités microbiologiques des eaux potables. Direction de l'hygiène du milieu 77-EHD-2, Ottawa.
• Ministère de la Santé nationale et du Bien-être social. 1983. Recommandations au sujet de la qualité des eaux utilisées à des fins récréatives au Canada. 75 pp.
• Ministère de la Santé nationale et du Bien-être social. 1989. Recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada. Direction de l'hygiène du milieu 4^e édition. Ottawa.
• Molnar, W.G. 1946. «Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 131:1046-1050.
• Mood, E.W. 1968. «The Role of Some Physico-chemical Properties of Water as Causative Agents of Eye Irritation of Swimmers». Report of the Committee of Water Quality Criteria. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 15-16.
• Moore, R.E. 1977. «Toxins from blue-green algae». BioScience 27:797-802.
• Musial, C., Arrowood, M., Sterling, C. et Gerba, C. 1987. «Detection of Cryptosporidium in water using polypropylene cartridge filters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:687-692.
• National Academy of Sciences. 1973. Water Quality Criteria (1972). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA 3-73-003.
• National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Drinking Water and Health, Part I. Washington, D.C.
• National Technical Advisory Committee. 1968. Water Quality Criteria. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D.C.
• National Water Quality Data Bank (NAQUADAT). 1988. Direction de la qualité des eaux, Direction des eaux intérieures, Environenment Canada, Ottawa.
• Neil, J.H. 1957. «Problems and control of unnatural fertilization of lake waters». In Proceedings of the 12th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, May. pp. 301-316.
• Neil, J.H. 1975. «Cladophora in the Great Lakes». H. Shear et D. Konasewich (eds.). International Joint Commission, Windsor. 179 pp.
• Newburgh, L.H. 1949. Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa. p. 457.
• Nicholls, K.H., Beaver, J.L. et Estabrook, R.H. 1980. «Lakeside Odours in Ontario and New Hampshire Caused by Chrysochromulina breviturrita Nich. (Prymnesiophyceae)». APIOS Technical Report No. 001/81, Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario, Toronto. 11 pp.
• O'Donoghue, J.G. et Wilton, G.S. 1951. «Algae poisoning in Alberta». Can.J. Comp. Med. 15:193-198.
• Ongerth, J. et Stibbs, H. 1987. «Identification of Cryptosporidum oocysts in river water». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:672-676.
• Oriz, J.S. 1977. «The use of Staphylococcus aureus as an indicator of bather's pollution». Réunion annuelle de l'Am. Soc. Microbiol. 77:271.
• Paffenbarger, R.S., Berg, G., Clarke, N.A., Stevenson, R.E., Poller, B.G. et Hyde, R.T. 1959. «Viruses and illness at a boys' summer camp». Am. J. Hyg. 70:254-274.
• Pagel, J.E., Qureshi, A.A., Young, D.M. et Vlassoff, L.T. 1982. «Comparison of four membrane filter methods for fecal coliform enumeration». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:787-793.
• Palmateer, G. 1980. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario .
• Palmateer, G. 1989. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario.
• Palmer, C.M. 1962. «Algae in Water Supplies». U.S. Public Health Service Publication No. 657, Washington, D.C.
• Palmquist, A.F. et Jankow, D. 1973. «Evaluation of Staphylococcus aereus as indicators of bacterial quality of swimming pools». J. Environ. Health 36: 230-232.
• Paul, R.A. 1972. «An environmental model for swimming pool bacteriology». Am. J. Public Health 62:770-772.
• Payment, P. 1977. «L'analyse virologique de l'eau». Eau Que. 10:14-18.
• Payment, P. 1984. «Viruses and bathing beach quality». Can. J. Public Health 75:43-48.
• Payment, P. et Trudel, M. 1985. «Immunoperoxidase method with human immune serum globulin for broad spectrum detection of cultivable viruses: application to enumeration of cultivable viruses in environmental samples». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1308.
• Payment, P. et Trudel, M. 1988. «Wound fiberglass depth filters as a less expensive approach for the concentration of viruses from water». Can. J. Microbiol. 34:271-272.
• Payment, P., Gerba, C.P., Wallis, C. et Melnick, J.L. 1976. «Methods for concentrating viruses from large volumes of estuarine water on pleated membranes». Water Res. 10:893-896.
• Payment, P., Lemieux, M. et Trudel, M. 1982. «Bacteriological and virological analysis of water from four freshwater beaches». Water Res. 16:939-943.
• Payment, P., Affrayon, F. et Trudel, M. 1988. «Detection of animal and human enteric viruses in water from the Assomption River and its tributaries». Can. J. Microbiol. 34:967-973.
• Petrovicova, A., Simkova, A. et Cervenka, J. 1988. «Enteroviruses and coliphages in different water ecosystems». Z. Gesamte Hyg. 34:522.
• Philipp, R., Evans, E.J., Hughes, A.O., Grisdale, S.K., Endicott, R.G. et Jephcott, A.E. 1985. «Health risks of snorkel swimming in untreated water». Int. J. Epidemiol. 14:624-627.
• Pickert, A. et Botzenhart, K. 1985. «Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in drinking water, river water and sewage». Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. B 182: 49-57.
• Pipes, W.O. (ed.). 1978. Water Quality and Health Significance of Bacterial Indicators of Pollution Workshop Proceedings. Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pa., and National Science Foundation. 228 pp.
• Plotkin, S.A. et Katz, M. 1967. «Minimal infective doses of viruses for man by the oral route». In Transmission of Viruses by the Water Route. G. Berg (ed.). J. Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y. pp. 151-166.
• Popoff, M.Y., Coymault, C., Kiredjan, M. et Lemelin, M. 1981. «Polynucleotide sequence relatedness among motile Aeromonas species». Curr. Microbiol. 5:109-114.
• Porter, J., Ragazzoni, H., Buchanon, J., Waskin, H., Juranek, D. et Parkin, W. 1988. «Giardia transmission in a swimming pool». Am. J. Public Health 78:659-662.
• Prepas, E.E. et Murphy, T.P. 1988, «Sediment - water interactions in farm dugouts previously treated with copper sulphate». Lake and Reservoir Management, 4:161-168.
• Press, E. 1969. «An interstate drowning study». Am. J. Public Health 58: 2275-2289.
• Qureshi, A.A. 1977. Microbiological Characteristics of Storm Water Runoffs at East York (Toronto) and Guelph Separate Storm Sewers. Research Report No. 87, Research Program for the Abatement of Municipal Pollution under Provisions of the Canada-Ontario Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality.
• Qureshi, A.A. et Dutka, B.J. 1979. «Storm runoff microbiology adds to concern». Water Sewage Works 126:86-88.
• Raber, I. et Breslin, C.W. 1978. «Tolerance of artificial tears - The effects of pH». Can. J. Ophthalmol. 13:247-249.
• Ramoz-Alverez, M. et Sabin, A.B. 1956. «Intestinal viral flora of healthy children demonstrated by monkey kidney tissue culture». Am. J. Public Health 46:295-299.
• Ratnam, S., Hogan, K., March, S.B. et Butler, R.W. 1986. «Whirlpool- associated folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Report of an outbreak and review». J. Clin. Microbiol. 233:655-659.
• Reid, G.K. et Wood, R.D. 1976. Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries. D. Van Nostrand Co., Toronto. pp. 138-146.
• Reynolds, C.S. et Walsby, A.E. 1975. «Water-blooms». Biol. Rev. 50:437-481.
• Richard, D.S., Beattie, K.A., et Codd, G.A. 1983. «Toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms from Scottish fresh waters». Environ. Technol. Lett. 4:377-382.
• Rippey, S.R. et Cabelli, V.J. 1979. «Membrane filter for enumeration of Aeromonas hydrophila in fresh waters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38: 108-113.
• Rippey, S.R., Adams, W.N. et Watkins, W.D. 1987. «Enumeration of fecal coliforms and E. coli in marine and estuarine waters: An alternative to the APHA-MPN approach». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 59:795-798.
• Robertson, W.J. et Tobin, R.S. 1983. «The relationship between three potential pathogens and pollution indicator organisms in Nova Scotian coastal waters». Can. J. Microbiol. 29:1261-1269.
• Robinson, D.A. 1981. «Infective dose of Campylobacter jejuni in milk». Br. Med. J. 282:1584.
• Rokosh, D.A., Rao, S.S. et Jurkovic, A.A. 1977. «Extent of effluent influence on lake water determined by bacterial population distributions». J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:844-849.
• Rose, J.B. 1988. «Occurrence and significance of Cryptosporidium in water». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 80: 53-58.
• Rosenberg, M.L., Hazlet, K.K., Schaefer, J., Wells, J.G. et Pruneda, R.C. 1976. «Shigellosis from swimming». J. Am. Med. Assoc. 236:1849-1852.
• Royal Life Saving Society of Canada. 1978. Proceedings of the Cold Water Symposium, May 8. p. 7.
• Rutkowski, A.A. et Sjogren, R.E. 1987. «Streptococcal population profiles as indicators of water quality». Water Air Soil Pollut. 34:273-284.
• Ruttner, F. 1963. Fundamentals of Limnology. 3^e édition. Traduit par by D.G. Frey et F.E.J. Fry. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
• Sacks, J.J., Lieb, S., Baldy, L.M., Berta, S., Patton, C.M., White, M.C., Bigler, W.J. et Witte, J.J. 1986. «Epidemic campylobacteriosis associated with a community water supply». Am. J. Public Health 76:424-428.
• Sasner, J.J., Jr., Ikawa, M. et Foxall, T.L. 1984. «Studies on Aphanizomenon and Microcystis toxins». In Seafood Toxins. E.P. Ragelis (ed.). American Chemical Society Symposium Series 262. pp. 391-406.
• Sattar, S.A. 1978a. Viral Pollution of the Ottawa River and its Possible Impact on the Quality of Potable and Recreational Waters in the Ottawa Area - Phase I. Rapport final au ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario, Rapport de recherche, contrat No. 77-044-11. 103 pp.
• Sattar, S.A. 1978b. Viruses, Water and Health. Presse de l'Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa. 106 pp.
• Sattar, S.A. 1981. Virus survival in receiving waters. In Viruses and WastewaterTreatment. M. Goddard and M. Butler (eds.). Pergamon Press, Toronto.
• Sattar, S.A. et Westwood, J.C.N. 1977. «Isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the Ottawa area». Can. Med. Assoc. J. 116:25-27.
• Sattar, S.A. et Westwood, J.C.N. 1978. «Viral pollution of surface waters due to chlorinated primary effluents». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:427-431.
• Sauch, J. 1985. «Use of immunofluorescence and phase contrast microscopy for detection and identification of Giardia cysts in water samples». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1434-1438.
• Scarpino, P.V. 1975. «Human enteric viruses and bacteriophages as indicators of sewage pollution». In Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls. A.L.H. Gameson (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 49-61.
• Schindler, J.E. et Alberts, J.J. 1974. «Analysis of organic-inorganic associations of four Georgia reservoirs». Arch. Hydrobiol. 74:429-440.
• Schnitzer, M. et Khan, S.U. 1972. Humic Substances in the Environment. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, N.Y. p. 3.
• Schuett, W. et Rapoport, H. 1962. «Saxitoxin, in the paralytic shellfish poison. Degradation to a pyrrolopyrimidine». J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84:2266-2267.
• Schwimmer, M. et Schwimmer, D. 1968. «Medical aspects of phycology». In Algae, Man and the Environment. F. Jackson (ed.). Plenum Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 279-358.
• Seidler, R.J., Allen, D.A., Lockman, H., Colwell, R.R., Joseph, S.W. et Daily, O.P. 1980. «Isolation, enumeration and characterization of Aeromonas from polluted waters encountered in diving operations». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:1010-1018.
• Sekla, L., Stackiw, W., Kay, C. et VanBuckenhout, L. 1980. «Enteric viruses in renovated water in Manitoba». Can. J. Microbiol. 26:518-523.
• Sekla, L., Stackiw, W., Buchanan, A. et Parker, S. 1982. «Legionella pneumophilia pneumonia». Can. Med. Assoc. J. 126:116-118.
• Sekla, L., Williamson, D., Greensmith, C., Balacko, G., Brown, D. et Stackiw, W. 1987. «Bacteriological characteristics of 15 freshwater beaches in Manitoba». Can. J. Public Health 78:181-184.
• Seligmann, E.G. 1951. A Study of Streptococci and Micrococci as Indicators of Pollution in Swimming Pool Water. Thesis, Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, East Lansing, Mich. Cited in Favero et al. 1964.
• Senior, V.E. 1960. «Algal poisoning in Saskatchewan». Can. J. Comp. Med. 24:26-31.
• Seyfried, P.L. 1973. The Examination of Recreational Waters for the Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and their Potential as Indicators of Water Quality. Direction des eaux intérieures Contrat n^o KW 412-3-0828, Environnement Canada, Ottawa.
• Seyfried, P.L. 1980. Epidemiological Study of Disease Incidence Related to Recreational Use of Great Lakes Waters - Phase III Report. Rapport d'études (contrat) au ministère de la Santé nationale et du Bien-être social, 27 mars.
• Seyfried, P.L. 1987. Supplementary Analysis of Novel Data Collected During a Survey of Rivers and Beaches in 1983. Research Report, RAC Project No. 89 PL, ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario, Toronto. pp. 18-23.
• Seyfried, P.L., Brown, N.E., Cherwinsky, C.L., Jenkins, G.D., Cotter, D.A., Winner, J.M. et Tobin, R.S. 1984. «Impact of sewage treatment plant effluents on surface waters». Can. J. Public Health 75:25-31.
• Seyfried, P.L., Tobin, R.S., Brown, N.E. et Ness, P.F. 1985a. «A prospective study of swimming-related illness I. Swimming associated health risk». Am. J. Public Health 75:1068-1070.
• Seyfried, P.L., Tobin, R.S., Brown, N.E. et Ness, P.F. 1985b. «A prospective of swimming-related illness II. Morbidity and the microbiological quality of water». Am. J. Public Health 75:1071-1075.
• Shaw, D.R. et Cabelli, V.J. 1980. «R-Plasmid transfer frequencies from environmental isolates of Escherichia coli to laboratory and fecal strains». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:756-764.
• Sherry J.P. 1986. «Temporal distribution of faecal pollution indicators and opportunistic pathogens at a Lake Erie bathing beach». J. Great Lakes Res. 12:154-160.
• Shuval, H.I. 1975. «The case for microbial standards for bathing beaches». In Discharge of Sewage from Sea Outfalls. A.L.H. Gameson (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 95-101.
• Siegelman, H.W., Adams, W.H., Stoner, R.D. et Slatkin, D.N. 1984. «Toxins of Microcystis aeruginosa and their hematological and histopathological effects». In Seafood Toxins. E.P. Ragelis (ed.). American Chemical Society Symposium Series 262. pp. 407-413.
• Simkova, A. et Cervenka, J. 1981. «Coliphages as ecological indicators of enteroviruses in various water systems». Bull. W.H.O. 59:611.
• Smith, R.A., et Lewis, D. 1987. «A rapid analysis of water for Anatoxin A, the unstable toxic alkaloid from Anabaena flos-aquae, the stable non-toxic alkaloids left after bioreduction and a related amine which may be nature's precursor to Anatoxin A». Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 29: 153-154
• Smith, J.R. 1988. Communication. Greater Vancouver Regional District.
• Smith, R.J. et Twedt, R.M. 1971. «Natural relationship of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in stream waters». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 43: 2200-2209.
• Smith, R.J., Twedt, R.M. et Flanigan, L.K. 1973. «Relationships of indicators and pathogenic bacteria in stream waters». J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 45:1736-1745.
• Sobsey, M. 1989. «Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water by disinfection processes». Water Sci. Technol. 21:179-195.
• Sobsey, M. et Jones, B. 1979. «Concentration of poliovirus from tap water using positively charged microporous filters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:588-599.
• Sobsey, M., Glass, J., Carrick, R., Jacobs, R. et Rutala, W. 1980. «Evaluation of the tentative standard method for enteric virus concentration from large volumes of tap water». J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 72:292.
• Soll, M.D. et Williams, M.C. 1985. «Mortality of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) suspected to be associated with the blue-green alga Micro-cystis aeruginosa». J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 56:49-51.
• Spaulding, J., Pacha, R. et Clark, G. 1983. «Quantitation of Giardia cysts by membrane filtration». J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:713-715.
• Stevenson, A.H. 1953. «Studies of bathing water and health». Am. J. Public Health 43:529-538.
• Stewart, A.G., Barnum, D.A. et Henderson, J.A. 1950. «Algal poisoning in Ontario». Can. J. Comp. Med. 14:197-202.
• Subrahmanyan, T.P. 1977. Occurrence of Viruses in Natural Waters Used for Recreational Purposes in Ontario. Rapport de bourse de recherche provinciale PR 557 à la Direction de la recherche, ministère de la Santé de l'Ontario.
• Subrahmanyan, T.P., Cherwinsky, C.L., Wilson, I.J. et Palmateer, G. 1979. «Virological examination of wastewaters during a polio outbreak». Can. J. Public Health 70:53 (Abstract).
• Taft, C.E. 1965. Water and Algae, World Problems. Educational Publ., Chicago, Ill.
• Tangen, K. 1977. «Blooms of Gyrodinium aureolum (Dinophyceae) in north European waters, accompanied by mortality in marine organisms». Sarsia 63:123-133.
• Taylor, D.N., Brown, M. et McDermott, K.T. 1982. «Waterborne transmission of Campylobacter enteritis». Microb. Ecol. 8:347-354.
• Taylor, D.N., McDermott, K.T., Little, J.R., Wells, J.G. et Blaser, M.J. 1983. «Campylobacter enteritis from untreated water in the Rocky Mountains». Ann. Intern. Med. 99:38-40.
• Tobin, R.S. et Dutka, B.J. 1977. «Comparison of the surface structure, metal binding and fecal coliform recoveries of nine membrane filters». Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:69-79.
• Trimbee, A.M. et Prepas, E.E. 1987. «Evaluation of total phosphorous as a predictor of the relative biomass of blue-green algae with emphasis on Alberta lakes». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 44:1337-1342.
• Turnbull, P.C., Lee, J.V., Miliotis, M.D., Van de walle, S., Koornhof, H.J., Jeffery, L. et Bryant, T.N. 1984. «Enterotoxin production in relation to taxonomic grouping and source of isolation of Aeromonas spp». J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:175-180.
• United States-Canada Research Consultation Group on the Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants. 1979. The LRTAP Problem in North America: A Preliminary Overview. Coprésidé par A.P. Altshieller (U.S.) et G.A. McBean (Canada), Ministère des Affaires extérieures et le State Department.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1978a. Human Viruses in the Aquatic Environment: A Status Report with Emphasis on the EPA Research Program. Report to Congress, EPA-570/9-78-006, Washington, D.C.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1978b. Urban Stormwater Management Workshop Proceedings, Edison, N.J., December 1, 1977, EPA-600/9-78-017. pp. 110.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Test Methods for Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Water by the Membrane Filtration Procedure. EPA-600/4-85/076, Cincinnati, Ohio.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria. EPA-440/5-84/002.
• Van Donsel, D.J. et Geldreich, E.E. 1971. «Relationships of salmonellae to fecal coliforms in bottom sediments». Water Res. 5:1079-1087.
• Van Donsel, D.J., Geldreich, E.E. et Clarke, N.A. 1967. «Seasonal variations in survival of indicator bacteria in soil and their contribution to stormwater pollution». Appl. Microbiol. 15:1362-1370.
• Vlassoff, L.T. 1977. «Klebsiella». Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 635:275-288.
• Vlassoff, L.T. 1981. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario.
• Von Graevenitz, A. 1985. «Aeromonas and Plesiomonas». In Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 4^e édition. E.H. Lennette, A. Balows, W.J. Hausler, et H.J. Shadomy (eds.). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. pp. 278-281.
• Voss, L., Button, K.S., Rheins, M.S. et Tuovinen, O.H. 1984. «Sampling methodology for enumeration of Legionella spp. in water distribution systems». In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Legionella. C. Thornsberry, A. Balows, J.C. Feeley, et W. Jakubowski (eds.). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. pp. 290-292.
• Wallis, C., Homma, A. et Melnick, J.L. 1972. «A portable virus concentrator for testing water in the field». Water Res. 6:1249-1256.
• Walter-Offenhauser, R. et Horn, K. 1974. «Sanitary-virological investigation of surface waters». Gig. Sanit. 9:72. Cited by Berg and Metcalf (1978).
• Wang, W.L.L., Dunlop, S.G. et Munson, P.S. 1966. «Factors influencing the survival of Shigella in wastewater and irrigation water». Water Pollut. Control Fed. 38:1775-1781.
• Ward, R. et Akin, E. 1984. «Minimum infectious dose of animal viruses». CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 14:297-310.
• Ward, R., Bernstein, D., Young, E., Sherwood, J., Knolton, D. et Schiff, G. 1986. «Human rotavirus studies in volunteers: determination of infectious dose and serological response to infection». J. Infect. Dis. 159:871-880.
• Warrington P. 1989. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de la Colombie-Britannique.
• Williamson, D.A. 1988. A Four Year Study of Bacteriological Characteristics at Recreational Beaches, Manitoba, Canada. Manitoba Environment and Workplace Safety and Health, Water Standards and Studies Report 88-7.
• Wilson, L.A. et Ahearn, D.G. 1977. «Pseudomonas induced corneal ulcers associated with contaminated eye mascara». Am. J. Ophthalmol. 84:112.
• Wolf, H.W. 1972. «The coliform count as a measure of water quality». In Water Pollution Microbiology. R. Mitchell (ed.). Wiley-Interscience, Toronto. pp. 333-345.
• Yan, N.D. 1980. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario.
• Young, L.S. et Armstrong, D. 1972. «Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections». CRC Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sec. 3:291-347.
• Young, M. 1989. Communication. Ministère de l'Environnement de l'Ontario.