Investigating the relationship between drinking water and gastroenteritis in Edmonton: 1993 - 1998

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Table of contents:

• Authors
• Acknowledgements
• Executive Summary
• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Edmonton's Water Supply
    • 1.2 a) Water treatment plants
    • 1.2 b) Watershed characteristics
    • 1.2 c) Water purification procedures
  • 1.3 Study Objectives
• 2. Data Sources
  • 2.1 Water Quality Parameters
  • 2.2 Environmental Parameters
  • 2.3 Socio-Economic Data
  • 2.4 Health Outcome Data
    • 2.4 a) Canadian Institute for Health Information
    • 2.4 b) Alberta Health Care Insurance Payment Plan
  • 2.5 Assigning a Primary Water Source
• 3. Investigative Methods
  • 3.1 Descriptive Analyses
  • 3.2 Multivariate Logistic Regression
    • 3.2 a) Methodology overview
    • 3.2 b) Variables analysed
    • 3.2 c) Criteria for model-selection
  • 3.3 Time Series Analysis
    • 3.3 a) Methodology overview
    • 3.3 b) Variables analysed
    • 3.3 c) Criteria for model-selection
• 4. Results
  • 4.1 Descriptive Results
    • 4.1 a) Water quality parameters
    • 4.1 b) Environmental parameters
    • 4.1 c) Socio-economic data
    • 4.1 d) Health outcome data
  • 4.2 Statistical Analyses
    • 4.2 a) Multivariate logistic regression
    • 4.2 b) Time series analysis
• 5. Discussion and Conclusions
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Methodological Overview
    • 5.2 a) Multivariate logistic regression
    • 5.2 b) Time series analysis
  • 5.3 Discussion of Results
    • 5.3 a) Descriptive analyses
    • 5.3 b) Multivariate logi stic regression
    • 5.3 c) Time series analysis
  • 5.4 Conclusions
• 6. References

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Regional water supply in Edmonton
• Figure 2: Water service areas for the Rossdale and E.L. Smith plants, Edmonton
• Figure 3: Finished water quality descriptive results
• Figure 4: Raw water quality descriptive results
• Figure 5: Maximum and minimum daily temperatures
• Figure 6: Daily precipitation
• Figure 7: Comparing daily maximum temperature and daily mean raw water turbidity
• Figure 8: Comparing daily precipitation and daily mean raw water turbidity
• Figure 9: Distribution of average annual household incomes per postal code in Edmonton, 1995
• Figure 10: Data profiles
• Figure 11: Spatial distribution of postal codes within Edmonton and corresponding water service areas
• Figure 12: Spatial distribution of disease risk within the city of Edmonton between 1993-1998
• Figure 13: 3-D time series surface plots of disease risk within the Rossdale water service area between Feb. 10 '93 to Dec. 31 '98

List of Tables

• Table 1: Indicators of water quality received from EPCOR Water Services, Inc.
• Table 2: Criteria for selecting hospital admission gastroenteritis cases in the CIHI data source
• Table 3: Criteria for selecting hospital admission respiratory controls in the CIHI data source
• Table 4: Components of the analytic approaches utilised in the multi variatelogistic regression analyses
• Table 5: Independent variables analysed in the multivariate logistic regression analyses
• Table 6: Components of the analytic approaches utilised in the time series analysis
• Table 7: Independent variables analysed in the time series analysis
• Table 8: Summary statistics for indicators of raw and finished water quality
• Table 9: Summary statistics for environmental parameters
• Table 10: Multivariate logistic regression results: Comparisons among water service areas