From Source To Tap - The Multi-Barrier Approach To Safe Drinking Water

Drinking Water Distribution Systems

The distribution system is the final physical barrier in the multi-barrier approach. After treated drinking water leaves the treatment plant, its quality must be maintained throughout the distribution system. Diligence is required on the part of the system operator to ensure sufficient disinfectant is present at all points throughout the distribution system in order to adequately protect public health. Because it has been shown that a significant number of outbreaks are caused by breakdowns in the distribution system, authorities are encouraged to put active cross-connection control programs in place.

Treated water reservoirs and distribution systems should be designed, constructed, reviewed and upgraded as necessary, to take the following into account: all local or provincial bylaws, best management practices, and regulations; prevention of access by wildlife and unauthorized personnel; system capacity; emergency water storage; contact time required for disinfection; minimization or elimination of dead ends, and cross-connection controls.