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Food and Nutrition

Appendix G

Media Glossary
January 2006

Glossary of agars, broths and other reagents

Section V

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Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA)
Basal Medium
Yeast extract 3.0 g
Peptone 7.0 g
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 5.0 g
Bile salts no. 3 1.5 g
Lactose 10.0 g
Neutral red 0.03 g
Crystal violet 0.002 g
Agar 15.0 g
Distilled water 1.0 L
pH 7.4 ± 0.2  

Complete Medium:

Suspend basal medium ingredients in 1.0 L of distilled water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely. Do not boil for more than 2 min. Do not autoclave. Mix well before pouring. The medium should be prepared on the day of use. Prepared plates should not be incubated longer than 24 hours as the selectivity diminishes. Best results are obtained if plates are not too heavily seeded.

Violet Red Bile Agar (Double Strength)
Basal Medium
Yeast extract 3.0 g
Peptone 7.0 g
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 5.0 g
Bile salts no. 3 3.0 g
Lactose 10.0 g
Neutral red 0.06 g
Crystal violet 0.004 g
Agar 15.0 g
Distilled water 1.0 L

Complete Medium:

This formulation has double the usual concentrations of bile salts No. 3, neutral red and crystal violet.

Suspend basal medium ingredients in 1.0 L of distilled water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely. Do not boil for more than 2 min. Do not autoclave. Mix well before pouring. The medium should be prepared on the day of use. Prepared plates should not be incubated longer than 24 hours as the selectivity diminishes. Best results are obtained if plates are not too heavily seeded.

Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar
Basal Medium
Yeast extract 3.0 g
Peptone 7.0 g
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 5.0 g
Bile salts no. 3 1.5 g
Lactose 10.0 g
Neutral red 0.03 g
Crystal violet 0.002 g
Agar 15.0 g
Glucose 10.0 g
Distilled water 1.0 L
pH 7.4 ± 0.2  

Complete Medium:

Suspend basal medium ingredients in 1.0 L of distilled water. Heat to boiling to dissolve completely (no more than 2 min). Do not autoclave. Cool and dispense. If not used immediately, store in a refrigerator.

Voges-Proskauer (V-P) Test Reagents
Reagent A
a-naphthol 5.0 g
Ethanol (absolute) 100 mL
Reagent B  
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 40.0 g
Distilled water 100 mL

Complete Medium:

Reagent A: Dissolve a -naphthol in 100 mL of ethanol. Add 0.6 mL of inoculated medium. Shake.

Reagent B: Dissolve KOH in 100 mL of distilled water. Cool and adjust volume. Add 0.2 mL to inoculated medium. Shake.

Addition of a few crystals of creatine to the test medium may intensify and speed reactions. A positive test is indicated by the development of a pink-red colour within 5-10 min .