Focus on Gender - A National Survey of Canadians' Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs - Canadian Addiction Survey (CAS)

Chapter 3 - Alcohol Use (continued)

Table 3.1 Percentage of past-year drinkers, by sex, Canada, aged 15+, 2004.

	Total Population		Women			Men
	%	CI	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR
	79.3	78.1-80.5	76.8	75.1-78.4		82.0	80.1-83.8
Age (previous age group)	**		**		**	**		**
15-17	62.3	54.9-69.2	65.6	54.6-75.1	---	58.9	48.7-68.5	---
18-19	90.8	85.6-94.2	90.6	82.1-95.3	4.023**	90.9	83.5-95.1	5.147**
20-24	89.5	85.7-92.3	87.3	81.6-91.4	0.692	91.5	85.8-95.1	0.816
25-34	85.2	82.5-87.6	82.4	78.5-85.8	0.613	88.0	84.1-91.1	0.549
35-44	81.8	79.0-84.4	80.6	76.9-83.7	0.892	83.1	78.5-86.9	0.672
45-54	80.8	77.8-83.4	79.9	76.1-83.2	0.974	81.7	76.9-85.7	0.813
55-64	76.7	73.1-79.9	71.4	66.3-74.6	0.681*	82.1	77.0-86.2	1.302
65-74	70.0	65.1-74.4	69.0	62.8-74.6	0.999	71.1	63.2-86.2	0.646
75+	64.4	58.0-70.3	58.3	50.4-65.7	0.727	74.6	63.3-83.3	1.307
Province (Canada)	**		*		**	NS		**
Newfoundland and Labrador	73.9	70.9-76.7	69.7	65.7-73.3	0.797*	78.5	73.6-82.6	0.966
Prince Edward Island	70.2	67.2-73.1	70.0	66.1-73.7	0.777**	70.4	65.6-74.8	0.594**
Nova Scotia	76.0	73.1-78.7	71.7	67.6-75.4	0.854	80.7	76.5-84.4	1.129
New Brunswick	73.8	70.8-76.6	71.5	67.6-75.1	0.964	76.3	71.6-80.4	0.940
Quebec	82.3	79.7-84.6	80.8	77.4-83.8	1.585**	83.9	79.8-87.3	1.309*
Ontario	78.7	76.0-81.3	76.0	72.2-79.4	1.039	81.7	77.4-85.3	0.930
Manitoba	76.5	74.3-78.6	74.2	71.2-77.1	1.046	78.9	75.5-82.0	0.949
Saskatchewan	78.2	75.5-80.7	74.3	70.5-77.7	0.999	82.2	78.2-85.7	1.315
Alberta	79.5	77.7-81.2	76.7	74.1-79.1	1.039	82.4	79.8-84.7	1.021
British Columbia	79.3 7	7.7-80.7	76.4	74.3-78.4	1.097	82.3	80.0-84.3	1.059
Marital Status	**		**		*	NS		NS
Married/partnered (C)	79.7	78.0-81.3	76.9	74.1-79.1	---	82.4	79.8-84.6	---
Divorced/separated/widowed	75.2	71.9-78.2	72.3	68.3-76.0	1.368*	80.8	74.7-85.8	1.217
Single/never married	81.0	78.6-83.2	80.1	76.7-83.2	1.276	81.7	78.3-84.7	0.942
Education	**		**		**	**		**
Less than secondary (C)	64.5	61.0-67.8	63.4	58.7-67.9	---	65.6	60.4-70.5	---
Secondary	79.2	76.7-81.4	77.0	73.8-79.9	1.517**	81.4	77.6-84.7	1.705**
Some post-secondary	84.2	82.1-86.1	80.5	77.6-83.0	1.637**	88.3	85.2-90.8	2.917**
University degree	84.1	81.6-86.4	81.9	78.5-84.9	1.755**	86.3	82.5-89.4	2.287**
Income Adequacy	**		**		**	**		**
Lowest (C)	66.2	61.7-70.4	66.6	61.5-71.4	----	65.4	56.8-73.1	---
Middle	80.9	78.9-82.7	79.5	76.8-81.9	1.846**	82.4	79.4-85.0	2.727**
Highest	88.7	86.7-90.5	86.1	82.8-88.8	2.919**	90.7	88.0-92.9	5.138**
Not stated	73.2	70.5-75.7	70.9	67.5-74.1	1.446*	76.1	71.6-80.0	1.986**
Location of Household	NS		NS		NS	NS		NS
Rural (C)	79.2	76.4-81.7	76.7	73.0-80.0	----	81.5	77.2-85.2	---
Non-rural	79.3	78.0-80.7	76.8	74.9-78.6	0.834	82.1	80.0-84.1	0.854

Notes:
OR - Adjusted Odds Ratio; Adjusted for all variables in the table, CI - Confidence Interval (95%)
(C) - denotes comparison group, unless otherwise specified by parentheses
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS - not statistically significant
Prevalence estimates in bold show where differences among women and men were significant by the conservative method of non-overlapping confidence intervals. The bolded estimates reflect the higher rate.

Table 3.2 Drinking Frequency over the past year among past-year drinkers, Canadian females, aged 15+, 2004.

		Less than Once a Month			One to Three Times a Month			One to Three Times a Week			Four or More Times a Week
	N	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR
Total	6087	31.4	29.3-33.5		35.9	33.7-38.0		26.9	24.9-28.9		5.9	4.9-7.2
Age (previous age group)		*		*	**		*	**		**	**		**
15-17	184	38.9	27.6-51.4	-----	53.8	41.6-65.6	-----	6.8	3.1-14.4	-----	s	s	s
18-19	370	25.1	15.7-37.6	0.595	46.2	34.5-58.4	0.687	28.7	18.7-41.4	4.934**	s	s	s
20-24	482	20.8	15.6-27.0	0.841	45.4	37.8-53.2	1.010	32.8	25.8-40.7	1.075	s	s	s
25-34	1097	33.5	28.8-38.6	2.312**	40.9	35.8-46.2	0.865	23.4	19.5-28.0	0.505**	s	s	s
35-44	1297	30.1	26.0-34.5	0.828	35.3	31.1-39.8	0.818	28.7	24.7-33.0	1.301	6.0	3.9-9.0	2.984*
45-54	1234	31.7	27.1-36.8	1.068	30.0	25.5-34.8	0.814	31.3	26.7-36.3	1.117	7.0	4.6-10.6	1.176
55-64	758	31.0	25.7-36.9	0.874	30.2	25.0-36.1	1.000	29.1	23.9-34.9	0.988	9.6	6.4-14.2	1.538
65-74	564	33.8	26.1-42.4	1.009	30.7	23.3-39.2	1.055	21.9	15.4-30.1	0.744	13.7	8.2-21.9	1.711
75+	264	40.1	30.1-50.9	1.188	30.3	21.2-41.3	1.092	18.4	11.9-27.4	0.842	11.2Q	5.8-20.6	0.736
Province (Canada)		**		**	NS		NS	**		**	**		**
Newfoundland and Labrador	624	39.1	34.4-43.9	1.138	35.6	31.1-40.4	0.939	22.5	18.7-26.9	1.018	s	s	s
Prince Edward Island	608	41.1	36.3-46.0	1.292*	36.4	31.7-41.3	0.952	18.7	15.1-23.0	0.798	s	s	s
Nova Scotia	589	37.0	32.2-42.1	1.141	34.4	29.5-39.6	0.883	25.2	20.7-30.2	1.055	s	s	s
New Brunswick	585	43.6	38.7-48.6	1.434**	37.2	32.5-42.1	1.040	17.6	14.1-21.7	0.649**	s	s	s
Quebec	593	26.2	22.4-30.4	0.598**	35.5	31.2-40.0	0.972	34.3	30.1-38.7	1.820**	s	s	s
Ontario	590	32.9	28.5-37.6	0.981	35.3	30.8-40.4	0.966	23.9	20.1-28.3	0.917	7.9	6.5-9.5	2.133**
Manitoba	867	34.6	31.0-38.4	0.956	36.5	32.8-40.0	0.995	24.1	20.9-27.6	1.039	4.8	3.4-6.7	1.358
Saskatchewan	567	32.7	28.4-37.5	0.891	43.4	18.0-26.1	1.315**	21.8	18.0-26.1	0.927	s	s	s
Alberta	1406	33.4	30.4-36.5	0.992	38.4	21.5-27.0	1.070	24.1	21.5-27.0	0.966	4.1	6.5-9.5	1.108
British Columbia	1759	29.8	27.3-32.3	0.839*	34.7	25.2-30.2	0.926	27.6	25.2-30.2	1.158*	7.9	6.5-9.5	2.102**
Marital Status		NS		NS	**		NS	NS		NS	**		NS
Married/ partnered (C)	3443	31.3	28.6-34.1	------	34.5	31.7-37.4	-----	28.3	25.7-31.1	-----	5.9	4.5-7.6	-----
Divorced/ separated/ widowed	1141	34.3	29.6-39.7	0.832	29.3	24.8-34.3	0.892	26.5	22.1-31.4	1.186	9.8	6.7-14.1	1.567
Single/never married	1458	29.0	25.2-33.2	0.865	43.6	39.3-48.1	1.167	24.2	20.7-28.1	0.879	3.1	2.0-5.0	1.605
Education		**		**	NS		**	NS		**	NS		NS
Less than secondary (C)	1403	43.0	37.1-49.2	-----	34.0	28.5-40.1	-----	16.1	12.0-21.2	-----	6.9	3.9-11.8	-----
Secondary	2273	33.9	29.9-38.3	0.713*	36.6	32.5-40.9	1.229	24.4	20.8-28.4	1.387	5.1	3.3-7.6	0.715
Some post-secondary	2648	30.4	27.1-34.0	0.581**	36.8	33.3-40.5	1.251	26.8	23.6-30.3	1.610*	5.9	4.2-8.4	0.862
University degree	1806	23.8	20.2-27.7	0.430**	34.6	30.4-39.0	1.201	35.3	31.2-39.7	2.303**	6.3	4.5-8.9	0.748
Income Adequacy		**		**	NS		**	**		NS	**		**
Lowest (C)	1076	43.4	37.0-50.1	-----	30.0	24.6-36.1	-----	21.6	16.5-27.7	-----	4.9	2.9-8.4	-----
Middle	3146	32.1	28.9-35.4	0.566**	37.9	34.4-41.4	1.449*	24.9	21.9-28.1	1.231	5.2	3.6-7.4	1.179
Highest	1585	24.3	20.4-28.6	0.412**	33.1	28.9-37.5	1.186	33.3	29.1-37.7	1.622*	9.4	6.7-13.0	3.045*
Not stated	2381	31.7	27.7-36.0	0.540**	37.7	33.5-42.0	1.414	26.2	22.5-30.4	1.425	4.4	2.8-6.6	0.903
Location of Household		NS		NS	NS		NS	*		NS	NS		NS
Rural (C)	1811	35.8	31.0-40.9	-----	36.2	31.3-41.5	-----	22.2	18.2-26.8	-----	5.8	3.7-8.8	-----
Non-rural	6377	30.6	28.4-32.9	0.942	35.8	33.5-38.2	0.961	27.7	25.5-29.9	1.152	6.0	4.8-7.4	0.912

Notes: OR - Adjusted Odds Ratio; Adjusted for all variables in the table
CI - Confidence Interval (95%)
(C) - denotes comparison group, unless otherwise specified by parentheses
s - estimate suppressed due to unacceptably high sampling variability (or cell size less than 30)
Q - qualified release due to high sampling variability
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS - not statistically significant

Table 3.3 Drinking Frequency over the past year among past-year drinkers, Canadian males, aged 15+, 2004.

		Less than Once a Month			One to Three Times a Month			One to Three Times a Week			Four or More Times a Week
	N	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR	%	CI	OR
Total	4609	14.1	12.5-15.8		30.8	28.4-33.2		41.3	38.8-43.9		13.9	12.0-15.9
Age (previous age group)		**		**	**		**	**		*	**		**
15-17	187	36.9	27.6-48.0	-----	34.1	24.9-44.7	-----	25.2	15.9-37.5	-----	s	s	s
18-19	203	19.1	11.1-30.7	0.458	42.1	30.4- 54.8	1.198	32.4	22.1-44.7	1.719	s	s	s
20-24	461	9.0	6.1-13.2	0.408*	36.5	29.1-44.5	0.917	49.1	41.1-57.0	1.936*	s	s	s
25-34	881	11.3	8.7-14.6	1.531	36.0	30.0-40.5	0.954	47.0	41.6-52.6	0.910	6.6	4.4-9.7	1.008
35-44	921	12.6	9.5-16.5	1.249	34.0	28.4-40.0	0.915	43.3	37.5-49.3	0.856	10.1	7.1 -14.2	1.546
45-54	868	15.2	11.3-20.1	1.151	23.5	18.9-28.8	0.598**	43.2	37.1-49.5	1.066	18.2	13.5-24.1	1.904*
55-64	580	14.1	10.2-19.1	1.005	26.8	20.9-33.7	1.147	40.5	33.8-47.6	0.853	18.6	13.6-47.6	1.109
65-74	300	16.8	11.0-25.0	1.180	23.9	16.8-32.9	0.840	30.9	22.6-40.6	0.683	28.3	20.0-38.4	1.768
75+	139	12.3	6.1-23.01	0.677	16.2	9.0-27.5	0.543	30.6	19.3-44.8	1.111	41.0	27.6-55.8	1.604
Province (Canada)		**		**	NS		NS	NS		NS	**		**
Newfoundland and Labrador	303	14.9	11.2-19.4	0.841	36.2	30.9-41.9	1.163	41.9	36.4-47.7	1.106	7.0	4.4-10.9	0.702
Prince Edward Island	278	19.7	15.4-25.0	1.220	34.8	29.4-40.7	1.044	37.8	32.3-43.7	0.931	7.6	5.1-11.3	0.813
Nova Scotia	330	23.0	18.5-28.1	1.443**	35.7	30.4-41.4	1.141	30.8	25.8-36.4	0.702**	10.5	7.5-14.4	1.021
New Brunswick	322	20.6	16.5-25.5	1.254	31.9	26.8-37.4	0.862	38.0	32.7-43.7	1.005	9.5	6.6-13.5	1.016
Quebec	347	15.6	12.0-20.0	0.907	26.5	40.3-51.0	0.718**	45.6	40.3-51.0	1.343**	12.3	9.1-16.5	1.220
Ontario	337	9.2	6.5-12.9	0.496**	31.6	26.7-37.1	0.979	41.2	35.9-46.8	1.095	17.9	14.0-22.6	1.840**
Manitoba	501	18.7	15.4-22.5	1.071	34.3	30.2-38.6	1.026	37.1	32.9-41.5	0.971	9.9	7.5-13.0	0.975
Saskatchewan	358	19.4	15.5-24.0	1.043	37.0	32.0-42.2	1.260*	37.1	32.1-42.4	0.943	6.5	4.3-9.8	0.619*
Alberta	818	17.5	15.0-20.3	1.100	32.5	29.3-35.8	0.996	39.1	35.7-42.6	0.954	10.9	8.8-13.4	1.090
British Columbia	1015	16.7	14.5-19.2	0.975	30.3	27.5-33.2	0.927	40.4	37.3-43.5	1.072	12.6	10.7-14.9	1.145
Marital Status		NS		NS	NS		NS	**		*	**		**
Married/ partnered (C)	2699	12.4	10.6-14.6	-----	29.8	26.8-33.0	-----	43.3	40.0-46.7	-----	14.4	12.0-17.1	-----
Divorced/ separated/ widowed	437	14.2	9.9-20.0	1.036	28.1	21.2-36.3	0.969	29.7	23.0-37.5	0.614*	27.9	20.9-36.2	2.105*
Single/ never married	1454	17.0	14.0-20.5	1.306	33.4	29.3-37.8	0.838	42.0	37.6-46.6	1.020	7.6	5.3-10.7	1.002
Education		*		NS	**		*	*		NS	NS		NS
Less than secondary (C)	692	20.1	15.7-25.3	-----	28.6	23.2-34.8	-----	38.5	32.0-45.3	-----	12.8	8.7-18.5	-----
Secondary	1347	14.1	11.3-17.5	0.939	38.2	33.5-43.0	1.382	36.2	31.8-40.8	0.708	11.6	8.6-15.3	1.050
Some post-secondary	1390	13.5	10.9-16.7	1.066	29.2	25.2-33.6	0.915	44.8	40.2-49.5	0.919	12.5	9.6-16.1	1.199
University degree	1152	11.2	8.5-14.7	0.901	26.5	22.3-31.2	0.878	44.2	39.2-49.3	0.853	18.1	14.1-22.8	1.709
Income Adequacy		**		**	NS		NS	**		**	NS		NS
Lowest (C)	313	19.1	13.0-27.1	-----	32.8	24.4-42.5	-----	40.2	30.5-50.6	-----	8.0	28.0	-----
Middle	1865	15.9	13.2-18.9	0.810	32.7	28.9-36.6	1.054	37.0	33.2-40.9	0.861	14.4	11.5-18.0	1.890
Highest	1422	9.3	7.1-12.1	0.442**	26.2	22.4-30.3	0.751	48.8	44.2-53.4	1.416	15.8	12.6-19.6	2.103
Not stated	1009	16.5	13.2-20.4	0.747	33.6	28.6-39.0	0.978	38.3	33.1-43.8	1.095	11.6	8.3-16.0	1.429
Location of Household		NS		NS	NS		NS	NS		NS	NS		NS
Rural (C)	934	14.9	11.6-19.1	-----	28.2	23.4-33.5	-----	42.7	36.9-48.8	-----	14.2	10.2-19.3	-----
Non-rural	3675	13.9	12.2-15.8	0.965	31.3	28.4-33.2	1.166	41.0	38.2-43.9	0.898	13.8	11.8-16.1	1.027

Notes: OR - Adjusted Odds Ratio; Adjusted for all variables in the table
CI - Confidence Interval (95%)
(C) - denotes comparison group, unless otherwise specified by parentheses
s - estimate suppressed due to unacceptably high sampling variability (or cell size less than 30)
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS - not statistically significant

Table 3.4 Percentage of respondents who "almost always" and "rarely" drank with meals among past-year drinkers, by age and sex, Canada, aged 15+, 2004.

Question: During the past 12 months, on those days that you drank, how often did you drink with meals?	Women		Men
Age	"Almost always" % [CI]	"Rarely" % [CI]	"Almost always" % [CI]	"Rarely" % [CI]
15-17	16.4 [9.2-27.5]	61.8 [49.5-72.7]	14.4 [10.1-20.1]	55.4 [44.2-66.0]
18-19	s	57.6 [45.2-69.1]	24.0 [14.2-37.5]	48.5 [36.4-60.9]
20-24	18.3 [13.2-24.7]	48.4 [40.7-56.1]	16.8 [11.5-24.0]	43.6 [35.9-51.6]
25-34	37.6 [32.6-42.9]	30.9 [26.3-35.8]	26.0 [21.3-31.2]	36.2 [31.3-41.5]
35-44	42.7 [38.1-47.3]	30.2 [26.1-34.5]	36.0 [30.3-42.1]	33.8 [28.4-39.6]
45-54	49.8 [44.6-54.9]	24.2 [19.7-29.4]	38.2 [32.2-44.5]	31.3 [25.9-37.3]
55-64	51.6 [45.6-57.6]	27.4 [20.6-36.2]	33.2 [27.5-40.8]	33.8 [27.5-40.8]
65-74	51.4 [42.7-60.0]	27.7 [20.6-36.2]	40.6 [31.4-50.4]	28.8 [20.9-38.3]
75+	54.4 [43.6-64.8]	27.3 [18.7-37.9]	29.2 [18.4-43.1]	41.7 [28.5-56.1]

Note: CI - Confidence Interval (95%)
s - estimate suppressed due to unacceptably high sampling variability (or cell size less than 30)
Prevalence estimates in bold show where differences among women and men were significant by the conservative method of non-overlapping confidence intervals. The bolded estimates reflect the higher rate.