Health Canada
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Health Concerns

Preventing Substance Use Problems Among Young People - A Compendium of Best Practices

Section 2 - References

  1. Anderson, J., Student Substance Use in Canada: A Review of Surveys Conducted in Nine Canadian Provinces. Ottawa: Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, 1998.
  2. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F. Drug use among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  3. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 1998 Student Drug Use Survey, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998.
  4. Government of Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia 1998 Student Drug Use Survey.
  5. Government of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island 1998 Student Drug Use Survey: Technical Report. PEI, 1998.
  6. Government of New Brunswick, Provincial Student Drug Use Survey: Technical Report - 1998. New Brunswick, 1998.
  7. McCreary Centre Society. Healthy Connections: Listening to BC Youth (1999) (Adolescent Health Survey II), 1999.
  8. Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, Student Survey 1997: Final Report. Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, 1997.
  9. King, A.C., Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth: The Health Behaviours of School-Age Children. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1999.
  10. ibid.
  11. Eggert, L.L. and Herting, J.R., Drug Involvement Among Potential Dropouts and "Typical" Youth, Journal of Drug Education, 23 (1), 31-55, 1993.
  12. Radford, J.L., King, A.J.C., and Warren, W.K., Street Youth and AIDS, Kingston: Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.
  13. Shields, S., Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth - Phase II: Self-Identified Aboriginal Youth, Division of STD Prevention and Control, Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD and TB, 2000.
  14. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  15. Anderson, J., A Study of Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Technical Report. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1993.
  16. McCreary Centre Society, Adolescent Health Survey: Youth and AIDS in British Columbia. Detailed Analysis of the Adolescent Health Survey Data Related to Youth and AIDS in British Columbia. Vancouver: The McCreary Centre Society, 1994.
  17. Roy, E. et al., HIV Infection Among Montreal Street Youth. Montreal: Groupe de recherche sur les jeunes de la rue et l'infection au VIH, 1996.
  18. Roy, E. et al., Injection Drug Use Among Street Youth: A Dynamic Process. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, 23-25, 1998.
  19. Poulin, C., Single, E., and Fralick, P., Canadian Community Epidemiology Working Group on Drug Use (CCENDU): Second National Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1999.
  20. Poulin, C., Canadian Community Epidemiology Working Group on Drug Use (CCENDU): Inaugural National Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1997.
  21. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug Use Among Ontario Students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  22. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador,Newfoundland and Labrador 1998 Student Drug Use Survey, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador,1998.
  23. Government of Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia 1998 Student Drug Use Survey.
  24. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug use among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  25. Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, Student Survey 1997: Final Report. Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, 1997.
  26. McCreary Centre Society. Healthy Connections: Listening to BC Youth (1999) (Adolescent Health Survey II), 1999.
  27. King, A.C., Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth: The Health Behaviours of School-Age Children. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1999.
  28. ibid.
  29. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug use Among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  30. Johnston, L., O'Malley, P., Bachman, J., National Survey Results on Drug Use From the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1998, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1999.
  31. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  32. McCreary Centre Society, Healthy Connections: Listening to BC Youth (1999) (Adolescent Health Survey II), 1999.
  33. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug use Among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  34. Anderson, J., Student Substance Use in Canada: A Review of Surveys Conducted in Nine Canadian Provinces. Ottawa: Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, 1998.
  35. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  36. Poulin, C., Canadian Community Epidemiology Working Group on Drug Use (CCENDU): Inaugural National Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1997.
  37. Anderson, J., A Study of Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Technical report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1993.
  38. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  39. Anderson, J., A Study of Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Technical Report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1993.
  40. Poulin, C., Single, E., and Fralick, P., Canadian Community Epidemiology Working Group on Drug Use (CCENDU): Second National Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1999.
  41. Roy, E., Haley, N., Boivin, J.F. et al., HIV Infection Among Montreal Street Youth. Montreal: Groupe de recherche sur les jeunes de la rue et l'infection au VIH, 1996.
  42. Roy, E., Lemire, N., Haley, N. et al., Injection Drug Use Among Street Youth: A Dynamic Process. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, 23-25, 1998.
  43. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  44. Anderson, J., A Study of Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Technical Report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1993.
  45. McCreary Centre Society, Adolescent Health Survey: Youth and AIDS in British Columbia. Detailed Analysis of the Adolescent Health Survey Data Related to Youth and AIDS in British Columbia. Vancouver: The McCreary Centre Society, 1994.
  46. Shields, S., Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth - Phase II: Self-Identified Aboriginal Youth. Division of STD Prevention and Control. Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD and TB, 2000.
  47. Voakes, L., Street Youth: Differences Between Small Towns and Cities. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1992.
  48. Grant, B.F., Dawson, D.A., Age of Onset of Alcohol Use and its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiological Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, Vol. 9, 1997.
  49. Chen, J., Millar, W., Age of smoking initiation: implications for quitting. National Population Health Survey, Statistics Canada, Health Reports, Spring, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1998.
  50. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 1998 Student Drug Use Survey, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998.
  51. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug Use Among Ontario Students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  52. Roy, E., Haley, N., Boivin, J.F. et al., HIV Infection Among Montreal Street Youth. Montreal: Groupe de recherche sur les jeunes de la rue et l'infection au VIH, 1996.
  53. Roy, E., Lemire, N., Haley, N. et al., Injection Drug Use Among Street Youth: A Dynamic Process. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, 23-25, 1998.
  54. Government of Nova Scotia, Eastern Region Project Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses and High-Risk Behaviours Among IDU and Sexual Partners of IDU. Nova Scotia Department of Health, 1997.
  55. Elliot, L. and Blanchard, J., The Winnipeg Injection Drug Epidemiology (WIDE) Study: A Study of the Epidemiology of Injection Drug Use and HIV Infection in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Epidemiology Unit, Public Health Branch, Manitoba Health, 1999.
  56. Guenther, C., Fonseca, K., Nielsen, D. et al., HIV Prevalence Remains Low Among Calgary's Needle Exchange Program Participants. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 91, 129-132, 2000.
  57. Adlaf, E.M. et al., Enduring Resurgence or Statistical Blip? Recent Trends From the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87, No. 3, 1996.
  58. King, A.C., Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth: The Health Behaviours of School-Age Children. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1999.
  59. Damon, W., Social and Personality Development: Infancy Through Adolescence, New York: Norton, 1983
  60. Paglia, A., pers. com./data not published. 1999.
  61. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  62. Roy, E., Haley, N., Boivin, J.F. et al., HIV Infection Among Montreal Street Youth. Montreal: Groupe de recherche sur les jeunes de la rue et l'infection au VIH, 1996.
  63. Roy, E., Lemire, N., Haley, N. et al., Injection Drug Use Among Street Youth: A Dynamic Process. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, 23-25, 1998.
  64. Government of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island 1998 Student Drug Use Survey: Technical Report. PEI, 1998.
  65. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 1998 Student Drug Use Survey, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998.
  66. Government of New Brunswick, Provincial Student Drug Use Survey: Technical Report - 1998. New Brunswick, 1998.
  67. King, A.C., Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth: The Health Behaviours of School-Age Children. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1999.
  68. Government of New Brunswick, Provincial Student Drug Use Survey: Technical Report - 1998. New Brunswick, 1998.
  69. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug use Among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  70. Zocolillo, M., Vitaro, F., and Tremblay, R., Problem Drug and Alcohol Use in a Community Sample of Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 7, 1999.
  71. Smart, R., Adlaf, E., Walsh, G. and Zdanowicz, Y., Drifting and Doing: Changes in Drug Use Among Toronto Street Youth, 1990-1992. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1992.
  72. Rothon, E., Strathdee, S., Cook, D. et al., Determinants of HIV-related High Risk Behaviours Among Young Offenders: A Window of Opportunity. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, 14-17, 1997.
  73. Anderson, J., A Study of Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Technical Report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1993.
  74. Poulin, C., Single, E., and Fralick, P., Canadian Community
    Epidemiology Working Group on Drug Use (CCENDU): Second National Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 1999.
  75. McNeil, P., and Webster, I., Canada's Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey 1994: A Discussion of the Findings. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1997.
  76. Zocolillo, M., Vitaro, F., and Tremblay, R., Problem Drug and Alcohol Use in a Community Sample of Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 7, 1999.
  77. King, A.C., Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth: The Health Behaviours of School-age Children. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1999.
  78. Adlaf, E.M., Paglia, A., and Ivis, F., Drug Use Among Ontario students, 1977-1999: Findings from the OSDUS. CAMH Research Document No. 5, Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1999.
  79. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador,Newfoundland and Labrador 1998 Student Drug Use Survey, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1998.
  80. Roy, E., Lemire, N., Haley, N. et al., Injection Drug Use Among Street Youth: A Dynamic Process. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, 23-25, 1998.
  81. Rothon, E. et al., Determinants of HIV-related High-Risk Behaviours Among Young Offenders: A Window of Opportunity. Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, 14-17, 1997.