Expecting to Quit: A Best Practices Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Pregnant and Postpartum Girls and Women

Table 8.2 Studies Eliminated from the Review (Post-1990)

Author/YearStudy Rating	Country	N sample	StudyPopulation	Timing ofIntervention	Sessions	Provider	InterventionComponents	FinalMeasurement	Results *stat sig
									Cessation	Reduction
Albrecht et al., 1998 Rating=0	US	T1 =26 T2 =29 C=29	Pregnant teens	(4-28 weeks)	8	Nurse, peer support group	Information; tailored information; counselling; incentives.	8 weeks post-partum	T1 =30%; T2 +C=16%	T1 = 4 fewer per day
Browne et al., 1999 (Smoke Free Journey)	Canada	T=57	Low SES; ~35% Aboringinal	Variable	Unspecified	Trained counsellors	Information; counselling	34 weeks gestation	T=50% (of the 28% that completed follow-up)
Bullock et al.,1995 Rating=0	NewZealand	T=59 C=63	About 10% Maori,2% Pacific Islander	(less than 20 weeks)	24	Trained volunteers	Social support (weekly calls from volunteer)	34 weeks gestation	Decrease in number of smokersT=4%C=8%	n/a
Campion et al.,1994 Rating=0	UK	Pre=607 Post=625	All	Variable	3 ads, run for 10 days	Mass Media	Information	Variable	Unspecified	n/a
Dunkley, 1997 Rating=0	Unspecified(ProbablyUK)	T=48 C=46	Unspecified	11-18 weeks	Unspecified	Midwife	Unspecified	1 year postpartum	No difference betweengroups	T=greater reduction than C
LeFevre et al.,1995 Rating=-1	US	T=7812 C=7718	General	18-20 weeks	2/none	Sonographer	Tailored biological information	Delivery	T and C=46%
Manfredi et al., 2000a, 2000b Rating=-2	US	T=1349 C=911	General	Unspecified	1/1 phone call	Physicians; nurses; researchers (follow-up)	Information; tailored information	5-8 weeks post-intervention	T=14.5%*C=6.7%*
McNeil, 1999 (Stopping WhenYou're Ready Booklets) Rating=-1	Canada	106	General (Pregnant and Postpartum)	Variable	Variable	Mostly public health nurses; variable	Tailored information (Stopping When You'reReady Booklets); counselling	2-4 months post-intervention	had changed their smoking behaviour in some way	89% of clients reported that they
Pletsch, 1999; Pletsch &Morgan, 2002 Rating=0	US	T=21 C=22	African-American women	Before 26 weeks gestation	2/monthly telephone follow-up	Nurse	Information; tailored information (Living SmokeFree-Ershoff); counselling; tailored biologica linformation	Delivery	T=10%C=18%
Price et al.,1991 Rating=0	US	T1 =71 T2 =52 C=70	Low SES population	Variable	1/1 at one month after initial session	T1,2 =health educator C=physician	T1 : information; tailored information; counselling.T2 :ALA "Freedom from Smoking for You and Your Baby"; counselling	2-3 weeks prior todelivery	T1 =8.7% T2 =5.1%C=4.2%	T1 =48%T2=38%C=42%
Severson et al.,1997; Wall et al., 1995 Rating=0 POSTPARTUM	US	T=1682 C=1219	General; mostly Caucasian	~2 weeks postpartum	1/3	Physician	Information; tailored information	1 year postpartum	Smokers quit at 6 months:T=5.5%C=4.7% Non-smokers maintained cessation:T=42.9%C=39.1%
Waller et al.,1996 Rating=-1	US	T=513	Substance abusing women	Unspecified	1/yes-number unspecified	Health educators	Information;counselling	Unspecified	T=54.7%	T=35.9%