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Health Policy Research Bulletin
Social Capital and Health: Maximizing the Benefits
Issue 12 References
References for Building Social Capital: A Role for Public Health Policy?
1. Putnam, R.D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
2. Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
See article: Building Social Capital: A Role for Public Health Policy?
References for What is Social Capital and Why Is It Important to Health Research and Policy?
1. Policy Research Initiative. (2003). Social Capital: Building on a Network-Based Approach (Draft Discussion Paper). Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
2. Franke, S., Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Measurement of Social Capital: Reference Document for Public Policy Research, Development and Evaluation. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
3. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital in Action: Thematic Policy Studies. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
4. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital as a Public Policy Tool: Project Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
5. Ahn, T.K., & Ostrom, E. (2002, August 29-September 1). Social Capital and the Second-Generation Theories of Collective Action: An Analytical Approach to the Forms of Social Capital. Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA.
6. Grootaert, C., & van Bastelaer, T. (2001). Understanding and Measuring Social Capital: A Synthesis of Findings and Recommendation from the Social Capital Initiative (SCI Working Paper No. 24). Washington, DC: World Bank.
7. Putnam, R. (2001). Le déclin du capital social aux Étas-Unis, entretien avec M. Zuber [The decline of social capital in the United States, interview with M. Zuber]. Sciences Humaines, 33, 63.
8. Burt, R. (1984). Network items and the General Social Survey. Social Networks, 6, 293-333.
9. Lin, N. (2001). Building a network theory of social capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook & R.S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital: Theory and Research (pp. 3-30). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
10. Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Social Sciences, 24, 1-24.
11. Simpura, J., & Alanen, A., Statistics Finland. (2005, February). Methodological Issues around the Measurement of Social Capital (PDF version). Siena Group Meeting, Helsinki, Finland. Retrieved January 23, 2006, from <http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/sienagroup2005.simpura.pdf>.
12. Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B.H., & Underwood, L.G. (2001, Spring). Social relationships and health: Challenges for measurement and intervention. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 17(2), 129-141.
13. Holmes, J. (2003). Healthy Relationships: Their Influence on Physical Health. Vancouver, BC: British Columbia Council for Families, the Relationships Affiliate of the Canadian Health Network.
14. Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7, 269-297.
15. Browne, G., Roberts J., Gafni, A., & Byrne, C. (2002). Measuring Integration within a Network of Services (System-Linked Research Unit Working Paper #C02-04). Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.
16. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). 
What Determines Health? Retrieved January 23, 2006, from <http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/ddsp/determinants/index.html>.
See article: What Is Social Capital and Why Is It Important to Health Research and Policy?
References for Research Traditions: An Overview
1. Berkman, L., & Syme, S.L. (1979). Social networks, host resistance and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186-204.
2. House, J.S., Robbins, C., & Metzner, H.L. (1982). The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh community health study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 116, 123-140.
3. Lemieux, V. (1999). Les réseaux d'acteurs sociaux. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
4. Lin, N. (1995). Les ressources sociales : Une théorie du capital social. Revue française de sociologie, XXXVI, 685-704.
5. Berkman, L.F. (1995, May/June). The role of social relations in health promotion. Psychosomatic Medicine-Special Issue: Superhighways for Disease, 57(3), 245-254.
6. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital as a Public Policy Tool: Project Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
7. Kawachi, I. (2000). Summary of Research on Social Capital and Health. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from <http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/poverty/scapital/sctalk/talk25.htm>.
8. Sapolsky, R. (2005, December). Sick of poverty. Scientific American, 293(6), 93-99. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=1&articleID=
0008B048-D21B-137C-8FA583414B7F0101>.
9. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J.G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241-258). New York: Greenwood Press.
10. Coleman, J.S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. Putnam, R.D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
12. Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
13. Wilkinson, R.G. (1996). Unhealthy Societies. The Afflictions of Inequality. London: Routledge.
14. Wilkinson, R.G., Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B.P. (1998). Mortality, the social environment, crime and violence. Sociology of Health & Illness, 20, 578-97.
15. Putnam, R.D. (2001). Social capital measurement and consequences. ISUMA: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 41-51.
16. Hyppä, M.T., & Mäki, J. (2001). Individual-level relationships between social capital and self-rated health in a bilingual community. Preventive Medicine, 32, 148-155.
17. Lomas, J. (1998). Social capital and health: Implications for public health and epidemiology. Social Science & Medicine, 47, 1181-1188.
18. Berkman, L., & Glass, T. (2000). Social integration, social networks, social support and health. In L. Berkman & I. Kawachi (Eds.), Social Epidemiology (pp. 137-173). New York: Oxford University Press.
19. Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Kimberly-Lochner, S.M., & Prothrow-Smith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 87(9), 1491-1498.
20. Lochner, K., Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. (1999). Social capital: A guide to its measurement. Health & Place, 5, 259-270.
21. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
22. Van Der Gaag, M., & Snijders, T. (2005). The resource generator: Social capital quantification with concrete items. Social Networks, 27, 1-29.
23. Szreter, S., & Woolcock, M. (2004). Health by association? Social capital, social theory and the political economy of public health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 650-667.
24. Fassin, D. (2003). Le capital social, de la sociologie à l'épidémiologie : analyse critique d'une migration transdisciplinaire. Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, 51, 403-413.
25. Policy Research Initiative. (2003). Social Capital: Building on a Network-Based Approach (Draft Discussion Paper). Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=Social_Capital_BNBA>.
26. Bouchard, L., Roy, J-F., & van Kemenade, S. (2005). What Impact Does Social Capital Have on the Health of Canadians? (Working Paper Series 010). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=pub_wp_abs#WP0010>.
See article: Research Traditions: An Overview
References for Developing an Operational Model Based on Networks
1. Berkman, L., & Glass, T. (2000). Social integration, social networks, social support and health. In L. Berkman & I. Kawachi (Eds.), Social Epidemiology (pp. 137-173). New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Bouchard, L., Roy, J-F., & van Kemenade, S. (2005). What Impact Does Social Capital Have on the Health of Canadians? (Working Paper Series 010). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=pub_wp_abs#WP0010>.
Additional reference:
Lemieux, V. (1999). Les réseaux d'acteurs sociaux. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
See article: Developing an Operational Model Based on Networks
References for Social Networks and Vulnerable Populations: Findings from the GSS
1. Castel, R. (1994). La dynamique des processus de marginalisation : De la vulnérabilité à la désaffiliation. Cahiers de recherche sociologique, 22, 11-26.
2. Keating, N., Swindle, J., & Foster, D. (2005). The role of social capital in aging well. In Social Capital in Action: Thematic Policy Studies (pp. 24-48). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative.
3. Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1-24.
4. Portes, A., & Sensenbrenner, J. (1993). Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology, 98(6), 1320-1350.
5. Justus, M. (2004, May 13). CIC Use of Available Social Capital Data. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Presentation in Ottawa, ON.
6. Kunz, J. (2005). Orienting newcomers to Canadian society: Social capital and settlement. In Social Capital in Action: Thematic Policy Studies (pp. 52-64). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative.
7. Wilkinson, R.G. (1996). Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. London, New York: Routledge.
8. Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population Health. (1999). Toward a Healthy Future: Second Report on the Health of Canadians. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada.
9. Cattell, V. (2003). Social networks as mediators between the harsh circumstances of people's lives, and their lived experience of health and well-being. In C. Phillipson, G. Allan & D. Morgan (Eds.), Social Networks and Social Exclusion: Sociological and Policy Perspectives (pp. 142-161). Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
10. Frohlich, K.L., Dunn, J.R., McLaren, L., Shiell, A., Potvin, L., & Hawe, P., et al. (in press). Understanding place and health: A heuristic for using administrative data. Health and Place.
11. Van Der Gaag, M., & Snijders, T. (2005). The resource generator: Social capital quantification with concrete items. Social Networks, 27, 1-29.
12. Idler, E.L., & Angel, R.J. (1990). Self-rated health and mortality in the NHANES-I epidemiologic follow-up study. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 446.
13. Grant, M.D., Piotrowski, Z.H., & Chappell, R. (1995). Self-reported health and survival in the Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48, 375-387.
14. Appels, A., Bosma, H., Brabauskas, V., Gautostas, A., & Sturmans, F. (1996). Self-rated health and mortality in a Lithuanian and a Dutch population. Social Science and Medicine, 42(5), 681-689.
Additional references:
Bouchard, L., Roy, J-F., & van Kemenade, S. (2005). What Impact Does Social Capital Have on the Health of Canadians? (Working Paper Series 010). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=pub_wp_abs#WP0010>.
Lévesque, M. (2000). Le capital social comme forme social de capital : Reconstruction d'un quasi-concept et application à l'analyse de la sortie de l'aide sociale [Social capital as a social form of capital: Rebuilding a quasi-concept and applying it to the analysis of social assistance output]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
Lévesque, M., & White, D. (1999). Le concept de capital social et ses usages [The concept of social capital and its uses]. Lien social et politiques, 41, 23-33.
Lin, N. (1995). Les ressources sociales : Une théorie du capital social [Social resources: A social capital theory]. Revue française de sociologie, XXXVI, 685-704.
Lin, N. (2001). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Policy Research Initiative. (2003). Social Capital: Building on a Network-Based Approach (Draft Discussion Paper). Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from <http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=Social_Capital_BNBA>.
Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
See article: Social Networks and Vulnerable Populations: Findings from the GSS
References for Social Capital and Healthy Aging
1. Statistics Canada. (2005, December 15). Population projections 2005-2031. The Daily. Ottawa, ON: Author. Retrieved January 9, 2006, from <http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/051215/d051215b.htm>.
2. Statistics Canada. (2005). Population by sex and age group. Ottawa, ON: Author. Retrieved January 9, 2006, from <http://www40.statcan.ca/101/cst01/demo10a.htm>.
3. Statistics Canada. (1999). 1921-1991: Statistics Canada: A Portrait of Seniors in Canada (3rd ed., p. 22, Catalogue No. 89-519-XPE). Ottawa, ON: Author.
Statistics Canada. (2005, December). 2011-2051: Statistics Canada. Population Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories (Catalogue No. 91-520). Ottawa, ON: Author. Using scenario 3.
4. Health Canada, Division of Aging and Seniors. (2002). Canada's Aging Population. Ottawa, ON: Author.
5. Statistics Canada. (2005, December 21). Deaths 2003. The Daily. Ottawa, ON: Author. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from <http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/051221/d051221b.htm>.
6. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital as a Public Policy Tool: Project Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
7. Bisconti, T.L., & Bergman, C.S. (1999). Perceived social control as a mediator of the relationships among social support, psychological well-being, and perceived health. The Gerontologist, 39(1), 94-103.
8. Herbitter, C., & Walker, J. (2005). United neighbourhood houses of New York special report. Aging in the shadows: Social isolation among seniors in New York City (PDF version). Retrieved December 4, 2005, from <http://www.unhny.org/advocacy/pdf/Aging%20in%20the%20Shadows.pdf>.
9. National Advisory Council on Aging. (2002, October). Mental health and aging. Writings in Gerontology, 18. Ottawa, ON: Author.
10. Federal/Provincial/Territorial Working Group on Social Isolation. (2004). Social Isolation among Seniors: An Emerging Issue (Draft Report).
11. National Advisory Council on Aging. (2004, Fall). Successful aging. Expression, Bulletin of the National Advisory Council on Aging, 7(4), 5-6.
12. Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of the Voluntary Sector. Volunteering as a vehicle for social support and satisfaction. Retrieved December 15, 2005, from <http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/vs-sb/voluntarysector/benefits/benefits1a.html>.
13. Keating, N., Swindle, J., & Foster, D. (2005). The role of social capital in aging well. In Social Capital in Action: Thematic Policy Studies (pp. 24-48). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative.
14. Cranswick, K., & Thomas, D. (2005, Summer). Elder care and the complexities of social networks. Canadian Social Trends (Catalogue No. 11-008). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
15. Mount Allison University, Centre for Canadian Studies. (1997). Aging and the Canadian population. About Canada. Retrieved January 26, 2006, from <http://www.mta.ca/faculty/arts-letters/canadian_studies/english/about/aging/index.htm>.
16. The researchers looked at data drawn mainly from Statistics Canada's 2002 General Social Survey (GSS), supplemented by data from the 1996 GSS and the 2001 Census of Population.
17. McCloskey, D. (2005, Summer). Caregiving and Canadian families. Transition Magazine, 35(2), 1-17.
18. Hall, M., & Havens, B. (1999). The effect of social isolation and loneliness on the health of older women. Aging in Manitoba study. Retrieved November 21, 2005, from <http://www.pwhce.ca/effectSocialIsolation>.
19. Hall, M. (2004, November 25-26). Report on the F/P/T Expert Consultation. Workshop on Social Isolation and Seniors, Winnipeg, MB.
20. Stone, L. (2000). Risk of social isolation among seniors living in the community. Analytical Fact Sheets: Seniors at Risk. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada, Division of Aging and Seniors.
21. World Health Organization. (2005). Healthy ageing: An EU-funded project, August 2004-July 2007 (Draft Report).
22. Cannuscio, C., Block, J., & Kawachi, I. (2003). Social capital and healthy aging: The role of senior housing. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5-Part 2), 395-400.
23. Health Canada (2003, November 27). Ministers responsible for seniors met today to discuss the opportunities and challenges faced by Canada's aging population [News release]. Retrieved January 7, 2006, from <http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/2003/seniors-aines-eng.php>.
24. Yaffe, M.J., & Dulka, I.M. (2003). Volunteerism: Implications for society and health of seniors. Retrieved December 15, 2005, from <http://www.geronto.org/Vitalaging/October2003/societyandhealth.htm>.
25. Fitzpatrick, T.R., Gitelson, R.J., Andereck, K.L., & Mesbur, E.S. (2005). Social support factors and health among a senior center population in southern Ontario, Canada. Social Work in Health Care, 40(3), 15-37.
26. Onyx, J., & Warburton, J. (2003). Volunteering and health among older people: A review. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 22(2), 65-69.
27. Moen, P., Dempster-McClain, D., & Williams, R., Jr. (1992). Successful aging: A life-course perspective on women's multiple roles and health. American Journal of Sociology, 97(6), 1612-1638.
28. National Advisory Council on Aging. (2000, Autumn). Twenty years of action. Expression, Bulletin of the National Advisory Council on Aging, 13(4), 6-7.
29. Volunteer Canada. 2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (PDF version). Retrieved December 2, 2005, from <http://www.givingandvolunteering.ca/pdf/factsheets/
2000_CA_Giving_and_volunteering_in_seniors.pdf>.
30. World Health Organization, Ageing and Life Course Programme. (2002, April). Active ageing: A policy framework. Presented at the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain.
31. Rocan, C. (2005). Commentary on "The role of social capital in aging well." In Social Capital in Action: Thematic Policy Studies (p. 49). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative.
Additional reference:
Volunteer Canada (http://www.volunteer.ca) and the Canadian Health Network (http://www.canadian-health-network.ca) provide information on volunteering and seniors issues, and include the capacity to match seniors to volunteer positions.
See article: Social Capital and Healthy Aging
References for Caregiver Networks in First Nations and Inuit Communities: A Snapshot of Emerging Research
1. Hollander Analytical Services, Ltd., with Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission, & Nunavik Board of Health and Social Services. (2006). An Assessment of Continuing Care Requirements in First Nations and Inuit Communities.
2. Browne, G., Gafni, A., Roberts, J., & Hoxby, H. (1992). Approach to the measurement of costs (expenditures) when evaluating the efficiency of health and social programmes (Working Paper Series, #91-12, pp. 92-112). Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, System-Linked Research Unit on Health and Social Service Utilization.
3. Chapleski, E.E., Sobeck, J., & Fisher, C. (2003). Long-term care preferences and attitudes among Great Lakes American Indian families: Cultural context matters. Case Management Journals, 4(2), 94-100.
4. First Nations and Inuit Regional Longitudinal Health Survey (PDF version). (2002). Adult questionnaire. Retrieved June 9, 2006, from <http://www.naho.ca/firstnations/english/pdf/key_docs_adult.pdf>.
5. Hollander, M., Chappell, N., Havens, B., McWilliam, C., & Miller, J.A. (2002). Substudy 5: Study of the costs and outcomes of home care and residential long term care services. Victoria, BC: National Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Home Care.
6. Penning, M., & Chappell, N.L. (1996). Home Support Services in the Capital Regional District: Client Survey. Final Report. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, Centre on Aging.
References for Applying Social Capital Research in Community-Based Evaluations
1. Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2. Bouchard, L., Roy, J-F., & van Kemenade, S. (2005). What Impact Does Social Capital Have on the Health of Canadians? (Working Paper Series 010). Ottawa, ON: Policy Research Initiative.
3. Health Canada. (2001). The Population Health Template: Key Elements and Actions that Define a Population Health Approach. Ottawa, ON: Strategic Policy Directorate, Population Public Health Branch.
4. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital as a Public Policy Tool: Project Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
5. Health Canada. (2003). Canadian Perinatal Health Report 2003. Ottawa, ON: Author.
6. Dennis, C-L., Hodnett, E., Gallop, R., & Chalmers, B. (2002, January 8). The effect of peer support on breast-feeding duration among primiparous women: A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 166(1), 21-28.
7. Vogel, E. (2001). A Case Study of a Prenatal Nutrition Program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
8. Boyle, M. (2002). CAPC national evaluation: Impact analysis. In National and Regional Evaluations of the Community Action Program for Children (CAPC) 1995-2000: Discussion Paper (pp. 33-72). Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency for Canada.
9. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Measurement of Social Capital Reference Document for Public Policy Research Development, and Evaluation. Ottawa, ON: Author.
See article: Applying Social Capital Research in Community-Based Evaluations
References for How Can Social Capital Inform Public Health Policy?
1. Policy Research Initiative. (2005). Social Capital as a Public Policy Tool: Project Report. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
2. Kelly, J.A., Murphy, D.A., Sikkema, K.J., McAuliffe, R.L., Roffman, R.A., Solomon, L.J., et al. (1997). Randomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention intervention for sexual-risk behaviour among homosexual men in US cities. Community HIV Prevention Research Collaborative. Lancet, 350(9090), 1500-1505.
See article: How Can Social Capital Inform Public Health Policy?
References for Did You Know?
1. van Kemenade, S. (2003). Social Capital as a Health Determinant: How Is It Measured? [Electronic version]. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada.
2. Putnam, R.D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
3. Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. ISUMA: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 18-24.
4. Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Kimberly-Lochner, S.M, & Prothrow-Smith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 87(9), 1491-1498.
5. Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B.P. (2002). The Health of Nations: Why Inequality is Harmful to Your Health. New York: The New Press.
6. Schwabish, J., Smeeding, T.M., & Osberg, L. (2004). Income distribution and social expenditures: A cross-national perspective. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.
7. Wilkinson, R., & Marmot, M. (2003). Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts (2nd ed.). Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
8. Wilkinson, R. (2005). The Impact of Inequality: How to Make Sick Societies Healthier. New York: The New Press.
See article: Did You Know? Social Capital, Trust and Health Inequalities
